ArticleBMC veterinary research2022
Intrathecal adenosine enhances the antinociception of Xylazine in goats.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Berberine ameliorates acute hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia induced by ketamine/xylazine in rats: role of alphaBMC veterinary research · 2025Article
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5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
backgroundThe role of adenosine (AD) in neuromodulation of nociceptive signaling at the level of the spinal cord has been established in both preclinical and clinical models. Recently, the signaling pathway that involves adenosine 5-monophosphate activated protein kinase has been reported to mediate the antinociceptive effects of xylazine (XYL). The objective of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive, cardiorespiratory and hematological effects of intrathecal administration of combined XYL-AD in goats as compared to XYL alone. Six clinically healthy adult goats weighing 25 ± 2 kg were randomly assigned to one of three groups in a cross-over design. Goats were sedated with XYL (0.05 mg/kg, IM) in all groups. Ten min later, 0.9% saline solution [SAL group], XYL (0.05 mg/kg) [XYL group] or a combination of XYL (0.05 mg/kg) and AD (2000 µg) [XYL-AD group] was injected intrathecally. Antinociception scores and both cardiorespiratory and hematological parameters were measured before XYL sedation and intrathecal injection (baseline), and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min thereafter.
resultsThe XYL-AD group showed significantly earlier onset of antinociception [5 (5-7) min] than XYL [13 (12-14.25] min (P = 0.031). The duration of complete antinociception in goats that received XYL-AD was significantly longer (P = 0.031) than that received XYL alone [65 (58.75-66.25) and 47.5 (43.75-51.25) min, respectively]. In both XYL and XYL-AD groups, heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (SAP, MAP and DAP) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared to the baseline. Compared to the SAL group, a statistically significant reduction in HR from 10 to 150 min (P < 0.05) was detected in the XYL group contrary to the XYL-AD group. Differences in the hematological parameters among different groups were insignificant.
conclusionsAD injected intrathecally interacts synergistically with XYL to promote antinociception in goats. This discovery supports the use of AD in combination with XYL in clinical trials.
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