ReviewFrontiers in physiology2021
Photoplethysmogram Analysis and Applications: An Integrative Review.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05400421 (Validation of Photoplethysmography Device for the Measurement of Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Against Carotid-Femoral Values From Piezoelectric Sensors), which is not on this map. Cited by 142 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Validation of Photoplethysmography Device for the Measurement of Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Against Carotid-Femoral Values From Piezoelectric Sensors
Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evaluating the Utility of Wearable Sensors for the Early Diagnosis of Parkinson Disease: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating a brief smartphone-based stress management intervention with heart rate biofeedback from built-in sensors in a three arm randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Real-Time SpOSensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mechanical Contact Conditions in Wearable Reflectance Photoplethysmography: Scoping Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Analysis of Machine Learning Models for Five-Class Sleep Stage Classification Using PPG Signals.Research square · 2026Article
- Regional tissue perfusion index (RTPI): a new optical-based metric for quantifying regional tissue perfusion.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Article
- Physiological Data Analysis Framework for Pain Prediction in Physical Rehabilitation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Predicting the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly Based on Clinical Data and Heart Rate Variability Using Machine Learning.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Towards trustworthy AI-driven cuffless blood pressure monitoring.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Harmonic-Selective Gaussian Filtering for Morphology and Timing Preservation in PPG Signals.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Advances in fully integrated wearable near-infrared spectroscopy: hardware innovations and biomedical applications.JPhys photonics · 2026Review
- Physiological Monitoring Applications of Wearable Multimodal Fusion Systems Based on ECG and PPG: A Comprehensive Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mathematical Modeling of Photoplethysmography: Model Assessment and Validation.Cardiovascular engineering and technology · 2026Article
- Wearables for Telemonitoring in ATTR-Amyloidosis: Current Perspectives.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Signal Quality of Reflective-Mode Photoplethysmograms Across Anatomical Sites.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Flexible wearable medical devices: from material innovations and data processing to intelligent healthcare applications.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Comparative Assessment of PPG-Derived HRV Using MAX30102 Sensor and Analog Circuitry with ADS1115 ADC.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Heart Rate Estimation Using the Galaxy Watch During Maximal Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing: Cross-Sectional Validation Study.JMIR cardio · 2026Article
- Multimodal assessment of arterial stiffness using photoplethysmography and laser Doppler flowmetry.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2026Article
- A peak-oriented diffusion model for high-fidelity electrocardiogram reconstruction from photoplethysmogram: development and usability study.BioData mining · 2026Article
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Beyond its use in a clinical environment, photoplethysmogram (PPG) is increasingly used for measuring the physiological state of an individual in daily life. This review aims to examine existing research on photoplethysmogram concerning its generation mechanisms, measurement principles, clinical applications, noise definition, pre-processing techniques, feature detection techniques, and post-processing techniques for photoplethysmogram processing, especially from an engineering point of view. We performed an extensive search with the PubMed, Google Scholar, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), ScienceDirect, and Web of Science databases. Exclusion conditions did not include the year of publication, but articles not published in English were excluded. Based on 118 articles, we identified four main topics of enabling PPG: (A) PPG waveform, (B) PPG features and clinical applications including basic features based on the original PPG waveform, combined features of PPG, and derivative features of PPG, (C) PPG noise including motion artifact baseline wandering and hypoperfusion, and (D) PPG signal processing including PPG preprocessing, PPG peak detection, and signal quality index. The application field of photoplethysmogram has been extending from the clinical to the mobile environment. Although there is no standardized pre-processing pipeline for PPG signal processing, as PPG data are acquired and accumulated in various ways, the recently proposed machine learning-based method is expected to offer a promising solution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.