ArticleJournal of management2022
The Embodiment of Insult: A Theory of Biobehavioral Response to Workplace Incivility.
Article in Journal of management, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The prevalence of incivility in hospitals and the effects of incivility on patient safety culture and outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of advanced nursing · 2025Pooled it
- Psychometric Properties and Measurement Equivalence of the Workplace Incivility Scale Across Cultures: Insights from Daily Diary Study.Psychological reports · 2026Article
- Education that Empowers: A critical realist evaluation of a novel incivility-focused immersive simulation.Advances in simulation (London, England) · 2026Article
- The lower boundary of workplace mistreatment: Do small slights matter?Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- A Little Boat Flopping About on the Ocean: The Lived Experience of Transitioning Early Career Nurses.Nursing open · 2025Article
- Listen, act and support: An investigation into individual and organisational incivility management in veterinary practice.The Veterinary record · 2025Article
- Article
- Financial stress and leadership behavior: The role of leader gender.Journal of occupational health psychology · 2024Article
- How Identity Impacts Bystander Responses to Workplace Mistreatment.Journal of management · 2024Article
- From incivility to outcomes: tracing the effects of nursing incivility on nurse well-being, patient engagement, and health outcomes.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Explaining the negative effects of workplace incivility on family lives: a moderated mediation model of surface acting and resource-providing variables.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Social anxiety mediates workplace incivility and work engagement.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Article
- Coping with Workplace Incivility in Hospital Teams: How Does Team Mindfulness Influence Prevention- and Promotion-Focused Emotional Coping?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This article builds a broad theory to explain how people respond, both biologically and behaviorally, when targeted with incivility in organizations. Central to our theorizing is a multifaceted framework that yields four quadrants of target response: reciprocation, retreat, relationship repair, and recruitment of support. We advance the novel argument that these behaviors not only stem from biological change within the body but also stimulate such change. Behavioral responses that revolve around affiliation and produce positive social connections are most likely to bring biological benefits. However, social and cultural features of an organization can stand in the way of affiliation, especially for employees holding marginalized identities. When incivility persists over time and employees lack access to the resources needed to recover, we theorize, downstream consequences can include harms to their physical health. Like other aspects of organizational life, this biobehavioral theory of incivility response is anything but simple. But it may help explain how seemingly "small" insults can sometimes have large effects, ultimately undermining workforce well-being. It may also suggest novel sites for incivility intervention, focusing on the relational and inclusive side of work. The overarching goal of this article is to motivate new science on workplace incivility, new knowledge, and ultimately, new solutions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.