Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35298894›Full record

Observational studyThe Lancet. Public health2022

Acute COVID-19 severity and mental health morbidity trajectories in patient populations of six nations: an observational study.

Ingibjörg Magnúsdóttir, Anikó Lovik, Anna Bára Unnarsdóttir, Daniel McCartney, Helga Ask, Kadri Kõiv, Lea Arregui Nordahl Christoffersen, Sverre Urnes Johnson, Arna Hauksdóttir, Chloe Fawns-Ritchie and 14 more

Open access · goldAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in The Lancet. Public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
95citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
31.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

95 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Anxiety: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Pooled it
  3. Long-Term Consequences of COVID-19 at 6 Months and Above: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
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35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 17 institutions in 7 countries.

Ingibjörg MagnúsdóttirCentre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Anikó LovikUnit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Anna Bára UnnarsdóttirCentre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Daniel McCartneyCentre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
Helga AskDepartment of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Kadri KõivEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Lea Arregui Nordahl ChristoffersenInstitute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Sverre Urnes JohnsonDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Modum Bad Psychiatric Center, Vikersund, Norway.
Arna HauksdóttirCentre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Chloe Fawns-RitchieCentre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Dorte HeleniusInstitute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Juan González-HijónUnit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Li LuDepartment of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Omid V EbrahimiDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Modum Bad Psychiatric Center, Vikersund, Norway.
Asle HoffartDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Modum Bad Psychiatric Center, Vikersund, Norway.
David J PorteousCentre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
Fang FangUnit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Jóhanna JakobsdóttirCentre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Kelli LehtoEstonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Estonia.
Ole A AndreassenNORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Ole B V PedersenDepartment of Clinical Immunology, Zealand University Hospital, Koege, Denmark.
Thor AspelundCentre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.
Unnur Anna ValdimarsdóttirCentre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: unnurav@hi.is.
COVIDMENT Collaboration
University of Iceland · ISKarolinska Institutet · SEUniversity of Oslo · NOModum Bad – Gordon Johnsens stiftelse · NOOslo University Hospital · NOWestern General Hospital · GBCopenhagen University Hospital · DKEstonian Biocentre · EEZealand University Hospital Køge · DKFaculty of Public Health · GBHarvard University · USNorwegian Institute of Public Health · NOZealand University Hospital · DKMental Health Services · DKUniversity of Edinburgh · GBUniversity of Tartu · EEVID Specialized University · NO

Funding

Chief Scientist Office CZD/16/6Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust 216767/Z/19/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLong-term mental and physical health consequences of COVID-19 (long COVID) are a persistent public health concern. Little is still known about the long-term mental health of non-hospitalised patients with COVID-19 with varying illness severities. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of adverse mental health symptoms among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the general population by acute infection severity up to 16 months after diagnosis.

methodsThis observational follow-up study included seven prospectively planned cohorts across six countries (Denmark, Estonia, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the UK). Participants were recruited from March 27, 2020, to Aug 13, 2021. Individuals aged 18 years or older were eligible to participate. In a cross-sectional analysis, we contrasted symptom prevalence of depression, anxiety, COVID-19-related distress, and poor sleep quality (screened with validated mental health instruments) among individuals with and without a diagnosis of COVID-19 at entry, 0-16 months from diagnosis. In a cohort analysis, we further used repeated measures to estimate the change in mental health symptoms before and after COVID-19 diagnosis.

findingsThe analytical cohort consisted of 247 249 individuals, 9979 (4·0%) of whom were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period. Mean follow-up was 5·65 months (SD 4·26). Participants diagnosed with COVID-19 presented overall with a higher prevalence of symptoms of depression (prevalence ratio [PR] 1·18 [95% CI 1·03-1·36]) and poorer sleep quality (1·13 [1·03-1·24]) but not symptoms of anxiety (0·97 [0·91-1·03]) or COVID-19-related distress (1·05 [0·93-1·20]) compared with individuals without a COVID-19 diagnosis. Although the prevalence of depression and COVID-19-related distress attenuated with time, individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 but never bedridden due to their illness were consistently at lower risk of depression (PR 0·83 [95% CI 0·75-0·91]) and anxiety (0·77 [0·63-0·94]) than those not diagnosed with COVID-19, whereas patients who were bedridden for more than 7 days were persistently at higher risk of symptoms of depression (PR 1·61 [95% CI 1·27-2·05]) and anxiety (1·43 [1·26-1·63]) than those not diagnosed throughout the study period.

interpretationSevere acute COVID-19 illness-indicated by extended time bedridden-is associated with long-term mental morbidity among recovering individuals in the general population. These findings call for increased vigilance of adverse mental health development among patients with a severe acute disease phase of COVID-19.

fundingNordforsk, Horizon2020, Wellcome Trust, and Estonian Research Council.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 TestingCross-Sectional StudiesFollow-Up StudiesHumansMental HealthMorbidityPost-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

Identifiers

PMID35298894
PMCPMC8920517
OpenAlexW4220692751

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.