ArticleStem cells translational medicine2022
Human Retinal Organoids Provide a Suitable Tool for Toxicological Investigations: A Comprehensive Validation Using Drugs and Compounds Affecting the Retina.
Article in Stem cells translational medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute Ethanol Exposure Inhibits GABA Uptake in Embryonic Chicken Retina.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Redefining ocular safety assessment: retinal organoids as platforms for predicting human ocular toxicology.Genes & genomics · 2026Review
- Cell-type-focused compound screen in human organoids reveals CK1 inhibition protects cone photoreceptors from death.Neuron · 2026Article
- Measuring Electrophysiological Activity in Acute Brain Slices, Spheroids, and Organoids Using 3D High-Density Multielectrode Arrays.Bio-protocol · 2026Article
- Retinal organoids: current status of development and new avenues for application in disease modeling, drug discovery and therapeutics.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2026Review
- Current Advances and Applications of Retinal Organoids.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Human retinal organoid model of disease-relevant photoreceptor cell death amenable to drug screening.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Retinoblastoma: unveiling molecular pathogenesis and pioneering organoid-driven therapeutic innovations.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- Article
- Integrative Landscape of Dry AMD Pathogenesis, Models, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Retinal organoids mirror CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing efficiency observedMolecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- Human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells: advances in differentiation and translational applications.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Review
- MegaEye: Applying multiple machine learning approaches to identify oral compounds with ocular bioactivity.Artificial intelligence in the life sciences · 2025Article
- Human retinal organoids for modelling dry age-related macular degeneration and screening drugs.Genes & diseases · 2025Article
- Innovative approaches to treatment of eye diseases: advances in stem cell therapy use in ophthalmology.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Influences of lead-based perovskite nanoparticles exposure on early development of human retina.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Unravelling genotype-phenotype correlations in Stargardt disease using patient-derived retinal organoids.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- "ArmedFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Enhanced electrophysiological recordings in acute brain slices, spheroids, and organoids using 3D high-density multielectrode arrays.PloS one · 2025Article
- Inherited Retinal Degenerations and Non-Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Progress and Unmet Needs.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Retinal drug toxicity screening is essential for the development of safe treatment strategies for a large number of diseases. To this end, retinal organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide a suitable screening platform due to their similarity to the human retina and the ease of generation in large-scale formats. In this study, two hPSC cell lines were differentiated to retinal organoids, which comprised all key retinal cell types in multiple nuclear and synaptic layers. Single-cell RNA-Seq of retinal organoids indicated the maintenance of retinal ganglion cells and development of bipolar cells: both cell types segregated into several subtypes. Ketorolac, digoxin, thioridazine, sildenafil, ethanol, and methanol were selected as key compounds to screen on retinal organoids because of their well-known retinal toxicity profile described in the literature. Exposure of the hPSC-derived retinal organoids to digoxin, thioridazine, and sildenafil resulted in photoreceptor cell death, while digoxin and thioridazine additionally affected all other cell types, including Müller glia cells. All drug treatments caused activation of astrocytes, indicated by dendrites sprouting into neuroepithelium. The ability to respond to light was preserved in organoids although the number of responsive retinal ganglion cells decreased after drug exposure. These data indicate similar drug effects in organoids to those reported in in vivo models and/or in humans, thus providing the first robust experimental evidence of their suitability for toxicological studies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.