ArticlePloS one2022
Impact of 6 month conjugated equine estrogen versus estradiol-treatment on biomarkers and enriched gene sets in healthy mammary tissue of non-human primates.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
objectiveTo identify distinctly regulated gene markers and enriched gene sets in breast tissue of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) treated for six months with either conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) or estradiol (E2) by analysis of corresponding mRNA levels of genes associated with breast development, carcinogenesis, apoptosis and immune regulation. Additionally, translation of three nuclear markers was analyzed.
methodsRNA from breast biopsies and necropsies was isolated from two independent study trials from Ethun et al. (CEE) and Foth et al. (E2) after 6 month of treatment duration. RNA was subjected to qRT-PCR and MicroArray analysis. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed for the estrogen receptor alpha subunit (ERa), the progesterone receptor (PGR) and the proliferation marker Ki67.
resultsWe identified a total of 36 distinctly enriched gene sets. Thirty-one were found in the CEE treatment group and five were found in the E2 treatment group, with no overlap. Furthermore, two individual genes IGFBP1 and SGK493 were upregulated in CEE treated animals. Additional targeted qRT-PCR analysis of ten specific estrogen-related genes showed upregulation of three genes (TFF1, PGR and GREB1) after CEE treatment, respectively one gene (TFF1) after E2 treatment. Immunohistochemical stains of breast biopsies showed a significant increase in expression of the PGR marker after CEE treatment.
conclusionsIn this study we identified enriched gene sets possibly induced by CEE or E2 treatment in various processes associated with cancer biology and immunology. This preliminary translational data supports the concept that different estrogen types have different effects on healthy breast tissue and may help generate hypotheses for future research.
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