Observational studyActa neurologica Scandinavica2022
Bone health, intellectual disability and epilepsy: An observational community-based study.
Observational study in Acta neurologica Scandinavica, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Holistic management of epilepsy in adults with intellectual development disorders.Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape · 2026Article
- A Rapid Mapping Review of Medication Burden in Adults with an Intellectual Disability: What We Know and What We Do Not Know.Drug, healthcare and patient safety · 2026Review
- Effects of perampanel on bone health in adult patients with epilepsy.Epilepsia open · 2025Article
- Treatment of Seizures in People with Intellectual Disability.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- The Effect of Chronic Swimming Exercise and Vitamin E Supplementation on Bone Element Metabolism in Epileptic Rats.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2024Article
- Rapid switching from levetiracetam to brivaracetam in pharmaco-resistant epilepsy in people with and without intellectual disabilities: a naturalistic case control study.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Bone health, intellectual disability and epilepsy: An observational community-based study.Acta neurologica Scandinavica · 2022Observational
- ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS AND BONE HEALTH: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.Acta endocrinologica (Bucharest, Romania : 2005)Review
- Breaking Bone: Vulnerability, Assessment, and Prevention.Epilepsy currentsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesIntellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy are independent risk factors for osteoporosis. Diverse predisposing factors influence this, for example in ID, genetics and poor nutrition and in epilepsy, anti-seizure medication (ASM). Around 25% people with ID have epilepsy, majority treatment resistant. ASMs polypharmacy is common. However, little is known about the bone-related characteristics of this vulnerable group. A prospective observational cohort study of bone profile across a community ID Epilepsy service was undertaken to understand this. MATERIALS &
methodsParticipants were on minimum 2 years of ASMs. Baseline demographics, epilepsy data, bone metabolism biomarkers, bone mineral density (BMD) and vitamin D levels were collected. Doses needed to correct vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency were calculated.
resultsAt baseline, of 104 participants, 92 (90.2%) were vitamin D insufficient/deficient. Seventy-six (73.1%) had a DEXA scan, 50 of whom-in the osteopaenic/osteoporotic range. DEXA scores between ambulant and non-ambulant patients were significantly different (p = .05) but not for ID severity. A high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) predicted lower vitamin D levels. Borderline significance (p = .06) in calcium levels between normal and high ALP was identified. There were no significant associations between parathyroid hormone, inorganic phosphate and magnesium levels, with vitamin D status or DEXA hip T-scores. Normalizing vitamin D levels (mean 101.4 nmol/L) required an average of 1951IU cholecalciferol daily.
conclusionsVitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in people with ID and epilepsy treated with ASMs impacting likely on their bone health. Screening with vitamin D levels, ALP and DEXA in this group should be pro-actively and routinely considered.
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