ArticleScientific reports2022
Gut-derived butyrate suppresses ocular surface inflammation.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Microbial Metabolites Driving Gut-Eye Axis Signaling.Comprehensive physiology · 2026Review
- Selective decreases in regulatory B-cell (Breg) subsets in active uveitis: IL-10+CD19+CD24hiCD38hiBregs in patients and B10 Bregs in mice.International immunology · 2026Article
- From Health to Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Ocular Surface Microbiota and Detection Methods in Dry Eye.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- The Gut-Eye Axis and Microbiome in Ophthalmic Diseases: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Investigating conjunctival immune pathways in Sjögren and non-Sjögren disease associated dry eye.The ocular surface · 2026Article
- Structural-activity relationship ofFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Ayurvedic management of Non-Sjögren's Dry Eye (Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Gut-ocular surface axis in dry eye disease: phenotype-specific mechanisms, evidence, and microbiome-targeted interventions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The Gut Microbiome in Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Sjögren's Disease: Correlations with Dry Eye.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Characterization of the microbial profile in tears of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma: results from a pilot study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Bovine ocular microbiome: the next frontier in managing Pinkeye in cattle.Animal microbiome · 2025Article
- Gut microbiota on anxiety and depression in primary Sjogren's syndrome: A novel insight.Heliyon · 2025Review
- From Gut to Eye: Exploring the Role of Microbiome Imbalance in Ocular Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Short chain fatty acids inhibit corneal inflammatory responses to TLR ligands via the ocular G-protein coupled receptor 43.The ocular surface · 2024Article
- Postbiotics: emerging therapeutic approach in diabetic retinopathy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Fecal microbiota transplantation for glaucoma; a potential emerging treatment strategy.Current research in microbial sciences · 2024Review
- The Role of Gut Microbiota in Glaucoma Progression and Other Retinal Diseases.The American journal of pathology · 2023Review
- Insights into the liver-eyes connections, from epidemiological, mechanical studies to clinical translation.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Review
- Conditional deletion of CD25 in the corneal epithelium reveals sex differences in barrier disruption.The ocular surface · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dry eye is a common ocular inflammatory disorder characterized by tear film instability and reduced tear production. There is increasing evidence that homeostasis of the ocular surface is impacted by the intestinal microbiome. We are interested in investigating the potential role of microbially produced small molecules in mediating the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and the ocular surface. One such molecule is butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by certain members of the gut microbiota through fermentation of dietary fiber. Here we show that SCFA transporter SLC5A8 is expressed in vivo in murine conjunctival and corneal epithelium. Pre-treatment of in vitro corneal epithelial cultures or bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) with phenylbutyrate (PBA) reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory Tnf expression. Corneal epithelial cultures and BMDCs isolated from Slc5a8 knockout mice are unable to respond to PBA pre-treatment, suggesting that SLC5A8 is required for the protective effect of PBA. The treatment of mice undergoing desiccating stress (DS) with oral tributyrin, a prodrug form of butyrate, reduces inflammation at the ocular surface in vivo, and this effect partially requires SLC5A8. Finally, expression analysis on conjunctival tissue isolated from mice subjected to DS with and without tributyrin treatment revealed that treatment downregulated genes involved in Type I interferon signaling. Together these data support our hypothesis that SCFAs produced in the gut participate in the maintenance of ocular surface homeostasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.