ReviewBMJ global health2022
Situation of snakebite, antivenom market and access to antivenoms in ASEAN countries.
Review in BMJ global health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antivenom preclinical efficacy testing against Asian snakes and their availability in Asia: A systematic review.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- The disease that bites - an assessment of demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment practices of patients with snakebite envenoming across Vietnam.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Estimating the distributional impact of improving access to snake antivenom in urban and rural Lao People's Democratic Republic: An extended cost-effectiveness analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Clinical epidemiology of snakebite envenoming in hospitals 11 provinces of Yangtze River Basin and southern regions of China: A retrospective hospital-based analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- The burden of diseases from human-animal contact in 2021: a spatiotemporal analysis using the "Production-Living-Ecology" framework.BMC global and public health · 2026Article
- Analysis of factors influencing skin sensitivity test results of antivenom and its potential correlation with allergic reactions: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in allergy · 2026Article
- Protective effects of clinical anticholinergic and anticholinesterase agents against Bungarus multicinctus venom and neurotoxin-rich snake venoms.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Digital Health Intervention in Snakebite Management: Scoping Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Mapping Evidence on the Regulations Affecting the Accessibility, Availability, and Management of Snake Antivenom Globally: A Scoping Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- The frequency, clinical characteristics and outcomes of Naja species related injuries in Malaysia consulted to Remote Envenomation Consultancy Services from 2020-2023.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Bite First, Bleed Later: How PhilippineToxins · 2025Article
- Article
- A Vision for VenomsBase: An Integrated Knowledgebase for the Study of Venoms and Their Applications.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Challenges and management of venomous bites and scorpion stings in Lebanon: a qualitative study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Snakebite Management: The Need of Reassessment, International Relations, and Effective Economic Measures to Reduce the Considerable SBE Burden.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2024Review
- A Nationwide Study on the Risks of Complications and Healthcare Costs of Snakebite Envenomation in Taiwan.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Therapeutic itineraries of snakebite victims and antivenom access in southern Mexico.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Frequency, geographical distribution, clinical characteristics, antivenom utilisation and outcomes of King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) bites in Malaysia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Capacity of community health centers to treat snakebite envenoming in indigenous territories of the Brazilian Amazon.Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionSnakebite envenoming is a neglected tropical disease posing public health challenges globally. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries are among the tropical regions with disproportionately high incidence of snakebite. Hence, this study aimed to review the situation of snakebite, antivenom market and access to antivenoms in ASEAN.
methodsThis mixed-methods study included comprehensive literature review and in-depth interviews with key informants to assess the situation of management system of snakebite, antivenom market and access to antivenoms in seven ASEAN countries, including Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Lao PDR and Myanmar. Data were analysed by a framework method.
resultsASEAN have developed various strategies to improve outcomes of snakebite victims. Five domestic antivenom manufacturers in the region produce up to 288 375 vials of antivenoms annually with the value of US$13 058 053 million which could treat 42 213 snakebite victims. However, there remain challenges to be addressed especially the lack of snakebite-related informatics system, inadequate antivenoms at the healthcare facilities and when the majority of snakebite victims seek traditional healers instead of conventional treatment.
conclusionImproving the situation of snakebite and antivenom is not only about the availability of antivenom, but the whole landscape of surrounding management and supporting system. The assessment of the situation of snakebite and antivenom is crucial for countries or regions where snakebites are prevalent to recognise their current standpoint to inform the development of strategies to achieve the goal set by the WHO of halving the global burden of snakebite by 2030.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.