ArticleRespiratory research2022
Comorbidities in unclassifiable interstitial lung disease.
Article in Respiratory research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low muscle mass in interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and clinical associations.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Depression and anxiety in interstitial lung disease: a systematic review, meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Healthcare utilisation preceding the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Impact of Medical Comorbidities on Respiratory-Related Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Baseline characteristics from the EXCITING-ILD registry.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Complications in Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Review
- The Impact of Comorbidities on the Discontinuation of Antifibrotic Therapy in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pathophysiology of Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Lung Diseases and/or Hypoxia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Neurocognitive and Neuropsychiatric Implications of Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Clinical, radiological and histopathological features of patients with familial pulmonary fibrosis.Respiratory research · 2024Article
- Pulmonary Diseases in Older Patients: Understanding and Addressing the Challenges.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Telomere length associates with chronological age and mortality across racially diverse pulmonary fibrosis cohorts.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Clusters of comorbidities in fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis.Respiratory research · 2022Article
- What Constitutes Family Ties? Exposures and Disease Phenotypes in Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundComorbidities are common in interstitial lung diseases (ILD) and have an important association with survival, but the frequency and prognostic impact of comorbidities in unclassifiable interstitial lung disease (uILD) remains elusive. We aimed to describe the prevalence of comorbidities and assess the impact on survival in patients with uILD. Furthermore, we aimed to identify and characterize potential phenotypes based on clusters of comorbidities and examine their association with disease progression and survival.
methodsIncident patients diagnosed with uILD were identified at two ILD referral centers in Denmark and Germany from 2003 to 2018. The diagnosis uILD was based on multidisciplinary team meetings. Clinical characteristics and comorbidities were extracted from ILD registries and patient case files. Survival analyses were performed using Cox regression analyses, disease progression was analyzed by linear mixed effects models, and clusters of comorbidities were analyzed using self-organizing maps.
resultsA total of 249 patients with uILD were identified. The cohort was dominated by males (60%), former (49%) or current (15%) smokers, median age was 70 years, mean FVC was 75.9% predicted, and mean DLCO was 49.9% predicted. One-year survival was 89% and three-year survival was 73%. Eighty-five percent of the patients had ≥ 1 comorbidities, 33% had ≥ 3 comorbidities and 9% had ≥ 5 comorbidities. The only comorbidity associated with excess mortality was dyslipidemia. No association between survival and number of comorbidities or the Charlson comorbidity index was observed. Three clusters with different comorbidities profiles and clinical characteristics were identified. A significant annual decline in FVC and DLCO % predicted was observed in cluster 1 and 2, but not in cluster 3. No difference in mortality was observed between the clusters.
conclusionsThe comorbidity burden in uILD is lower than reported in other types of ILD and the impact of comorbidities on mortality needs further clarification. Three clusters with distinct comorbidity profiles were identified and could represent specific phenotypes. No difference in mortality was observed between clusters, but slower disease progression was observed in cluster 3. Better understanding of disease behavior and mortality will require further studies of subgroups of uILD with longer observation time.
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