A Novel Bacterial Protease Inhibitor Adjuvant in RBD-Based COVID-19 Vaccine Formulations Containing Alum Increases Neutralizing Antibodies, Specific Germinal Center B Cells and Confers Protection Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Mice.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

1. Nanocarrier-based immunotherapy for viral diseases.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025
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2. Development of Plant-Based Multivalent Vaccine Candidates for SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus Using InactivatedVaccines · 2025
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3. Discovery of protease inhibitors from bacteria as novel adjuvants for oral vaccine formulations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025
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4. Identifying Key Drivers of Efficient B Cell Responses: On the Role of T Help, Antigen-Organization, and Toll-like Receptor Stimulation for Generating a Neutralizing Anti-Dengue Virus Response.Vaccines · 2024
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5. Use of Adjuvant Compositions Based on Squalene Ensures Induction of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2024
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6. A Gamma-adapted subunit vaccine induces broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants and protects mice from infection.Nature communications · 2024
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7. Pre-Clinical Safety and Immunogenicity Study of a Coronavirus Protein-Based Subunit Vaccine for COVID-19.Vaccines · 2023
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8. Activation and induction of antigen-specific T follicular helper cells play a critical role in recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine-induced humoral responses.Molecular biomedicine · 2023
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9. A bioengineered pseudovirus nanoparticle displaying SARS-CoV 2 RBD fully protects mice from mortality and weight loss caused by SARS-CoV 2 challenge.Biotechnology journal · 2023
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10. The influence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in a hACE2 murine model.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2023
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11. SARS-CoV-2 RBD Conjugated to Polyglucin, Spermidine, and dsRNA Elicits a Strong Immune Response in Mice.Vaccines · 2023
    Article
12. Enhancing the Effect of Nucleic Acid Vaccines in the Treatment of HPV-Related Cancers: An Overview of Delivery Systems.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
13. A disordered region retains the full protease inhibitor activity and the capacity to induce CD8Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022
    Article
14. Advances in SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain-based COVID-19 vaccines.Expert review of vaccines
    Review

Corrections and comments

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Authors and funding

17 authors.

Funding

Abstract

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