ArticleTherapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism2022
Testosterone concentrations and prescription patterns of 1% testosterone gel in transgender and gender diverse individuals.
Article in Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnosis, management, and outcomes of drug-induced erythrocytosis: a systematic review.Blood advances · 2025Pooled it
- Initiation and Maintenance of Low-Dose Transdermal Testosterone in Non-Binary Individuals: A Retrospective Audit.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Article
- Alternatives to serum testing for transdermal testosterone monitoring: a review of clinical data and correlation with clinical response.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- The Roles of Androgens in Humans: Biology, Metabolic Regulation and Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Masculinising hormone therapy with testosterone is used to align an individual's physical characteristics with their gender identity. Standard testosterone doses and formulations recommended for hypogonadal cisgender men are typically administered, although there are currently limited data evaluating the use of 1% testosterone gel in gender-affirming hormone therapy regimens. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the prescription patterns and serum total testosterone concentrations achieved with 1% testosterone gel in trans and gender diverse individuals. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was undertaken of trans individuals at a primary and secondary care clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Sixty-seven individuals treated with 1% testosterone gel were included. Primary outcomes were testosterone dose and serum total testosterone concentration achieved. Results: Median age was 25 (22-30) years and median duration of testosterone therapy was 12 (7-40) months. Thirty-five (52%) individuals had a nonbinary gender identity. Initial median testosterone dose was 25 mg (12.5-31.3) daily. Fifty-two (78%) individuals commenced doses <50 mg daily, the recommended starting dose for hypogonadal cisgender men. Median total testosterone concentration achieved was 11.9 nmol/l (7.3-18.6). Polycythaemia (haematocrit >0.5) was documented in eight of 138 (6%) laboratory results in six individuals. Discussion and Conclusions: One percent testosterone gel achieves serum total testosterone concentrations in the cisgender male reference range. A high proportion of individuals had a nonbinary gender identity and most individuals commenced a lower dose than that typically administered to hypogonadal cisgender men, potentially related to slow or 'partial' masculinisation goals.
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Registered trials
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