ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2022
The powerful synergistic effect of spiramycin/propolis loaded chitosan/alginate nanoparticles on acute murine toxoplasmosis.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surface-modified nanocarriers in the design of targeted drug delivery systems for parasitic diseases: a comprehensive review.BMC chemistry · 2026Review
- Co-delivery of spiramycin and curcumin nanoemulsions for treating acute (RH strain) and chronic (Tehran strain) toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of chitosan and curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against chronic toxoplasma infection in experimental mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Effect of Allium sativum (Garlic) Extract Using Nanotechnology on Murine Chronic Toxoplasmosis.Acta parasitologica · 2025Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Propolis in Preclinical Models of Cancer and Infectious Diseases: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Promising therapeutic efficacy of nitazoxanide-loaded zinc oxide nano-formula against intestinal and muscular phases of experimental trichinellosis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Propolis Stands out as a Multifaceted Natural Product: Meta-Analysis on Its Sources, Bioactivities, Applications, and Future Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Nano-phytosome loaded Retama raetam extract/colistin: antibacterial, antioxidant activities and in vivo lipopolysaccharide-induced-neurotoxicity inhibition.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2024Article
- Therapeutic potential of oral alginate nanoparticles against experimental toxoplasmosis.Parasitology research · 2024Article
- Spiramycin-loaded maltodextrin nanoparticles as a promising treatment of toxoplasmosis on murine model.Parasitology research · 2024Article
- Potent efficiency of the novel nitazoxanide-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers against experimental cyclosporiasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Ivermectin modulated cerebral γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and reduced the number of chronicJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2023Article
- Nanoemulsion of Spiramycin against Tachyzoites ofIranian journal of public health · 2023Article
- Design and synthesis of novel bis-pyridinium based-ionic liquids as potent antiparasitic agents.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Parasitological, Molecular, and Histopathological Investigation of the Potential Activity of Propolis and Wheat Germ Oil against Acute Toxoplasmosis in Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Recent Research Advances in Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Local Anesthetics.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Review
- Application of chitosan/alginate nanoparticle in oral drug delivery systems: prospects and challenges.Drug delivery · 2022Review
- Wheat Germ Oil and Propolis Decrease Parasite Burden and Restore Marked Histopathological Changes in Liver and Lung in Mice with Chronic Toxoplasmosis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Synthesis, Characterization and Nanoformulation of Novel Sulfonamide-1,2,3-triazole Molecular Conjugates as Potent Antiparasitic Agents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The novel formula of spiramycin/propolis loaded chitosan (CS)/alginate (Alg) nanoparticles (NPs) was assessed for Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) treatment in comparison with the commercially available spiramycin regarding tissue penetration and blood brain barrier (BBB) passage. Swiss Albino mice were inoculated intraperitoneally by 2500 tachyzoites of the virulent T. gondii RH strain. The experimental groups were treated with oral spiramycin, propolis, CS/Alg NPs, spiramycin loaded CS/Alg NPs, propolis loaded CS/Alg NPs, and spiramycin/propolis loaded CS/Alg NPs. The results demonstrated that spiramycin/propolis loaded CS/Alg NPs exerted the longest survival time with no mortality on the sacrifice day (8th) in addition to representing the highest significant parasite percent reduction of (≥96% reduction) in liver, spleen and brain designating successful tissue penetration and BBB passage. Tachyzoites treated with spiramycin/propolis loaded CS/Alg NPs demonstrated the most disfigured rapturing organism via scanning electron microscope examination along with representing an overall remarkable improvement of the histopathological pictures of liver, spleen and brain. In conclusion, spiramycin/propolis loaded CS/Alg NPs showed the uppermost efficacy in the treatment of acute murine toxoplasmosis. The safe nature and the anti-parasitic effect of each of CS, Alg, spiramycin and propolis encourage the synergistic use of spiramycin/propolis loaded CS/Alg NPs as a potent treatment for human toxoplasmosis.
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