ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2022
Sex differences in carcinoid syndrome: A gap to be closed.
Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender impact on pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PanNEN) prognosis according to survival nomograms.Endocrine · 2025Pooled it
- Gender, Sex and Other Factors in the Development of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Current oncology reports · 2026Review
- Urine 5-HIAA and quality of life in neuroendocrine neoplasia. Is there an association?Rare tumors · 2026Article
- Gender and Age as Preoperative Predictors of Early Disease Progression in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors with Liver Metastases.Annals of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Navigating care: understanding cancer patients' experiences with systemic radionuclide therapy.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Article
- Emergency and routine presentation of neuroendocrine neoplasia in England: determinants of late presentation and survival outcomes.Endocrine oncology (Bristol, England) · 2025Article
- Exploring Carcinoid Syndrome in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Insights from a Multidisciplinary Narrative Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- Sex Differences in the Survival of Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Comparative Study of Two National Databases.Cancers · 2024Article
- Efficacy and tolerability of somatostatin analogues according to gender in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Gender-related differences in patients with carcinoid syndrome: new insights from an Italian multicenter cohort study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Article
- The Effects of Radioligand Therapy on Quality of Life and Sexual Function in Patients with Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.Cancers · 2022Review
- Effect of Neuroendocrine Neoplasm Treatment on Human Reproductive Health and Sexual Function.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Gender differences in pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: A retrospective study based on the population of Hubei Province, China.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence of neuroendocrine neoplasms and related carcinoid syndrome (CS) has markedly increased over the last decades and women seem to be more at risk than men for developing CS. Nevertheless, very few studies have investigated sex differences in clinical presentation and outcomes of CS. However, as per other tumours, sex might be relevant in influencing tumour localization, delay in diagnosis, clinical outcomes, prognosis and overall survival in CS. The present review was aimed at evaluating sex differences in CS, as they emerge from an extensive search of the recent literature. It emerged that CS occurs more frequently in female than in male patients with NENs and women seem to have a better prognosis and a slight advantage in overall survival and response to therapy. Moreover, the disease likely impacts differently the quality of life of men and women, with different psychological and social consequences. Nevertheless, sex differences, even if partially known, are deeply underestimated in clinical practice and data from clinical trials are lacking. There is urgent need to increase our understanding of the sex-related differences of CS, in order to define tailored strategies of management of the disease, improving both the quality of life and the prognosis of affected patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.