ReviewAntiviral research2022
Global update on the susceptibilities of human influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2018-2020.
Review in Antiviral research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- A phase I, single-center, randomized, open-label, three-period crossover study to evaluate the drug-drug interaction between ZSP1273 and oseltamivir in healthy Chinese subjects.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Trial
- Emergence of the novel PA-D27G mutation conferring reduced baloxavir susceptibility in influenza A viruses circulating in China, 2018-2025.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- A Cluster of Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses in 2024 From Tasmania, Australia, With Reduced Susceptibility to Baloxavir.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Detection and characterization of antiviral-resistant viruses during the influenza season of 2024-25.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of baloxavir marboxil in nonhuman primates infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9) virus.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- A Sequence-Based Update on Amino Acid Substitutions in Influenza Polymerase Acidic Protein in Europe That Alter Baloxavir Susceptibility From 2009 to 2025.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- In vitro efficacy of anti-influenza active compounds against clinical isolates with high growth capability.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Antiviral Resistance in Influenza: Clinical and Public Health Implications.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Review
- Article
- Anti-influenza drugs targeting trimeric RNA polymerase complex: From development to clinics.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Baloxavir susceptibility of seasonal influenza viruses during the first seven seasons of clinical use in Japan, 2017/18 to 2023/24.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Viral pathogens in the etiology of acute respiratory infections in Bulgaria during the 2024-2025 season and genetic diversity of circulating influenza viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Influenza Virus Neuraminidase Glycoprotein, Its Inhibitors, and Their Resistance.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- First detection and transatlantic introduction of Influenza A(H3N2) subclade K (J.2.4.1) into Ecuador: insights from genomic sentinel surveillance.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Antiviral susceptibility monitoring: testing algorithm, methods, and findings for influenza season, 2023-2024.Antiviral research · 2025Article
- Modeling Influenza Antiviral Strategies: Reducing Burden and Preventing Resistance.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Recent advances in avian influenza virus: Molecular pathogenesis, emerging strains, and next-generation therapeutics.World journal of virology · 2025Review
- Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 10 institutions in 8 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Global analysis of the susceptibility of influenza viruses to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) and the polymerase acidic (PA) inhibitor (PAI) baloxavir was conducted by five World Health Organization Collaborating Centres for Reference and Research on Influenza during two periods (May 2018-May 2019 and May 2019-May 2020). Combined phenotypic and NA sequence-based analysis revealed that the global frequency of viruses displaying reduced or highly reduced inhibition (RI or HRI) or potential to show RI/HRI by NAIs remained low, 0.5% (165/35045) and 0.6% (159/26010) for the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 periods, respectively. The most common amino acid substitution was NA-H275Y (N1 numbering) conferring HRI by oseltamivir and peramivir in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Combined phenotypic and PA sequence-based analysis showed that the global frequency of viruses showing reduced susceptibility to baloxavir or carrying substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility was low, 0.5% (72/15906) and 0.1% (18/15692) for the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 periods, respectively. Most (n = 61) of these viruses had I38→T/F/M/S/L/V PA amino acid substitutions. In Japan, where baloxavir use was highest, the rate was 4.5% (41/919) in the 2018-2019 period and most of the viruses (n = 32) had PA-I38T. Zoonotic viruses isolated from humans (n = 32) in different countries did not contain substitutions in NA associated with NAI RI/HRI phenotypes. One A(H5N6) virus had a dual substitution PA-I38V + PA-E199G, which may reduce susceptibility to baloxavir. Therefore, NAIs and baloxavir remain appropriate choices for the treatment of influenza virus infections, but close monitoring of antiviral susceptibility is warranted.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.