Trial reportBMC cancer2022
Short-course radiotherapy combined with CAPOX and Toripalimab for the total neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced rectal cancer: a randomized, prospective, multicentre, double-arm, phase II trial (TORCH).
Trial report in BMC cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04518280 (A Prospective Phase II Trial of Short-course Radiotherapy Based Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Combined With PD-1 Inhibitor for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Phase II Trial of Short-course Radiotherapy Based Total Neoadjuvant Therapy Combined With PD-1 Inhibitor for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (TORCH）
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1 inhibitors or PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer patients: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- The efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor for locally advanced colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Identification of an Immune Cell Gene Signature for Predicting Response and Prognosis in Rectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Mitochondrial fitness in circulating T cells predicts neoadjuvant therapy response in locally advanced colorectal cancer.Gastroenterology report · 2026Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging based radiomics for predicting pathogenetic features and survival in rectal cancer.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2026Article
- Synergistic neoadjuvant radioimmunotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: mechanisms of pathologic response and the shift toward organ preservation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Meta-analysis of the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Modern Approaches to Rectal Cancer: Integrating Endoscopic, Surgical, and Oncological Care.Cancers · 2025Review
- Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy: a promising strategy for MSS/pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Controversies and Perspectives in the Current Management of Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer-A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Serplulimab Combined with Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in High-Risk Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Organ Function Preservation in Locally Advanced Low Rectal Cancer Through Total Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review.Cancer management and research · 2025Article
- Combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy in a hepatitis B virus-positive patient with locally advanced rectal adenocarcinoma: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- [Advances in immunotherapy of colorectal cancer].Magyar onkologia · 2024Review
- Lymphopenia is an adverse prognostic factor in rectal adenocarcinoma patients receiving long-course chemoradiotherapy.Radiation oncology journal · 2024Article
- A retrospective cohort study of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in locally advanced rectal cancer.Translational oncology · 2024Article
- Immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of gastrointestinal tumors: is the time ripe?Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Review
- Management of lateral pelvic lymph nodes in rectal cancer: Is it time to reach an Agreement?World journal of clinical oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFor patients with locally advanced (T3-4/N +) rectal cancer (LARC), the standard treatment is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with total mesorectal resection, which greatly decreases local recurrence but does not improve overall survival. For patients who achieve a complete clinical response (cCR) after nCRT, a "Watch & Wait" (W&W) approach can be received to improve quality of life. Currently, total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has been demonstrated to increase the complete response rate and achieve early control of distant metastasis. Recent studies have shown promising synergistic effects of the combination of immunotherapy (PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies) and radiotherapy. Thus, for LARC patients, the combination of immunotherapy and TNT is likely to further improve the rate of complete response and prognosis. The disparities between induction therapy and consolidation therapy need to be investigated.
methodsTORCH is a randomized, prospective, multicentre, double-arm, phase II trial of short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) combined with chemotherapy and immunotherapy in LARC. 130 LARC patients will be treated with the TNT approach and assigned to the consolidation arm and induction arm. The consolidation arm will receive SCRT, followed by 6 cycles of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX) and Toripalimab. The induction arm will first receive 2 cycles of CAPOX and Toripalimab, then receive SCRT, followed by 4 cycles of CAPOX and Toripalimab. Both groups will receive curative surgery or the W&W strategy. The primary endpoint is the complete response rate (rate of pCR plus cCR). The secondary endpoints include the grade 3-4 acute adverse effects rate, 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate, 3-year local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) rate, 3-year OS rate, rate of surgical complications and quality of life (QoL) scores. The "pick the winner" method is used to investigate the better treatment regimen. The trial was opened on 13th April 2021, and the first patient was recruited on 6th May 2021. DISCUSSION: TORCH will investigate whether SCRT combined with chemotherapy and Toripalimab can achieve better complete response rates, good tolerance and prognosis in LARC patients. This is the first clinical trial to compare the efficacy of induced immunotherapy and consolidative immunotherapy based on the TNT strategy.
trial registrationTrial Registration Number and Date of Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04518280 , August 15, 2020.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.