SynthesisDiabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association2022
Parental smoking, type 1 diabetes, and islet autoantibody positivity in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Secondhand smoke exposure and human health: an umbrella review.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Assessing the causal effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure: a meta-analytic Mendelian randomization study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- Parental smoking, type 1 diabetes, and islet autoantibody positivity in the offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2022Pooled it
- Smoking-induced HLA-DQA1 overexpression in T cells: a novel pathway in thyroid eye disease development.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Smoking, GAD65 autoimmunity, genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and incident adult-onset diabetes in the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study.Metabologia · 2026Article
- DNA Methylation Smoking Scores and Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Article
- Prenatal and adult exposure to smoking and incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adults-a nationwide cohort study with a family-based design.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
- A retrospective evaluation of parental smoking and the risk of Type 1 diabetes in children.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Smoking, use of smokeless tobacco, HLA genotypes and incidence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.Diabetologia · 2023Article
- Developmental origins of adult diseases.Medical review (2021) · 2022Review
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy and type 1 diabetes in the offspring: a nationwide register-based study with family-based designs.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Lifestyle or Environmental Influences and Their Interaction With Genetic Susceptibility on the Risk of LADA.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsOur aim was to synthesize current evidence on the association between parental smoking and incidence of type 1 diabetes and islet autoantibody positivity (IA) in the offspring by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsWe searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library until January 21, 2021, for human studies with parental tobacco use as exposure, type 1 diabetes or IA as outcome, and hazard, risk, or odds ratios as effect estimates. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with random-effects models. Heterogeneity was quantified with the I
resultsWe identified 535 records of which 23 were eligible including 25 927 cases of type 1 diabetes. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes (n = 22, RR 0.78, CI 0.71-0.86, I
conclusionsMaternal smoking during pregnancy may reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes in the offspring. Further studies are needed to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying this association. REGISTRATION: Prospero CRD42021236717.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.