ArticlePediatric cardiology2022
The Secrets of the Frogs Heart.
Article in Pediatric cardiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phosphorescence lifetime microscopy and contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging revealed strong left-to-right intraventricular shunt in anesthetized Xenopus laevis.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Live Imaging-Derived 4D Hemodynamics and Dynamic Tissue Mechanics Across Outflow Tract Morphogenesis.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- The cardiorespiratory system of miniature frogs.Journal of anatomy · 2024Article
- Narrative review of single ventricle: where are we after 40 years?Translational pediatrics · 2023Review
- Use of Frogs as a Model to Study the Etiology of HLHS.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- Opportunities and short-comings of the axolotl salamander heart as a model system of human single ventricle and excessive trabeculation.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The heart of the African clawed frog has a double-inlet and single-outlet ventricle supporting systemic and pulmonary circulations via a truncus, and a lifespan of 25-30 years. We sought to understand the unique cardiac anatomic and physiologic characteristics, with balanced circulation and low metabolic rate, by comparing the basic anatomy structures with focused echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-four adult female African clawed frogs were randomly subjected to anatomic dissection (n = 4), echocardiography (n = 10), and cardiac magnetic resonance (n = 10). All anatomical features were confirmed and compared with echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The main characteristics of the cardiovascular circulation in frogs are the following: Intact interatrial septum, with two separate atrio-ventricular valves, preventing atrial mixing of oxygenated and desaturated blood. Single spongiform ventricular cavity, non-conducive for homogeneous mixing. Single outlet with a valve-like mobile spiral structure, actively streaming into systemic and pulmonary arteries. Intact interatrial septum, spongiform ventricle, and valve-like spiral in the conus arteriosus are likely responsible for balanced systemic and pulmonary circulation in frogs, in spite of double-inlet and single-outlet ventricle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.