ArticlePloS one2022
The effect of transdermal gender-affirming hormone therapy on markers of inflammation and hemostasis.
Article in PloS one, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between Food Habits, Nutritional Status, and Hormone Therapy among Transgender Adults: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Cardiometabolic diseases in transgender populations.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Review
- Self-rated health and inflammation: Associations among partnered sexual minority and heterosexual adults.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Article
- Feminizing and masculinizing gender-affirming hormone therapy affects fibrin clot characteristics in opposite directions.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Microbiota, Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy, and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Transgender Women with HIV: Potential Implications for Cardiovascular Disease.Transgender health · 2026Article
- Sexual minority adults exhibit greater inflammation than heterosexual adults in the context of depressive symptoms and anxiety: Pathways to health disparities.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- The long-term effect of metabolic bariatric surgery on innate immune cell phenotype and function.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Observational
- Biomarkers of Metabolism and Inflammation in Individuals with Obesity and Normal Weight: A Comparative Analysis Exploring Sex Differences.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Unveiling mechanisms underlying kidney function changes during sex hormone therapy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Observational
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy: effects on cardiovascular risk and vascular function.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of sex hormones and gender diversity in multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Article
- Hemostatic parameters in transgender women receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy: A shift to a cisgender female pattern?PloS one · 2025Article
- Metabolic Features of Assigned Female at Birth Transgender People on Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy: A Meta-analysis.Transgender health · 2024Review
- Gastrointestinal complaints after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Impact of microbiota and its metabolites.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Transgender healthcare: metabolic outcomes and cardiovascular risk.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- Impact of Microbiota and Metabolites on Intestinal Integrity and Inflammation in Severe Obesity.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Seven robust and easy to obtain biomarkers to measure acute stress.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Transgender Women With Suppressed Testosterone Display Lower Burden of Coronary Disease Than Matched Cisgender Men.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Inflammation as a Potential Mechanism Contributing to Sexual Functioning Following Initiation of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Current sexual health reports · 2024Article
- Toward a Better Understanding of Cardiovascular Risk in the Transgender and Gender-Diverse Community: A Global Call to Action.Global heart · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCardiovascular risk is increased in transgender persons using gender-affirming hormone therapy. To gain insight into the mechanism by which sex hormones affect cardiovascular risk in transgender persons, we investigated the effect of hormone therapy on markers of inflammation and hemostasis.
methodsIn this exploratory study, 48 trans women using estradiol patches plus cyproterone acetate (CPA) and 47 trans men using testosterone gel were included. They were between 18 and 50 years old and did not have a history of cardiovascular events. Measurements were performed before and after 3 and 12 months of hormone therapy.
resultsAfter 12 months, in trans women, systemic and endothelial inflammatory markers decreased (hs-CRP -66%, (95% CI -76; -53), VCAM-1-12%, (95% CI -16; -8)), while platelet activation markers increased (PF-4 +17%, (95% CI 4; 32), β-thromboglobulin +13%, (95% CI 2; 24)). The coagulation marker fibrinogen increased transiently, after 3 months (+15%, (95% CI 1; 32)). In trans men, hs-CRP increased (+71%, (95% CI 19; 145)); platelet activation and coagulation markers were not altered. In both trans women and trans men, leptin and adiponectin changed towards reference values of the experienced gender.
conclusionsPlatelet activation and coagulation marker concentrations increased in trans women using transdermal estradiol plus CPA, but not in trans men using testosterone. Also, concentrations of inflammatory markers decreased in trans women, while hs-CRP increased in trans men. Our results indicate that hormone therapy may affect hemostasis in transgender persons, which could be an underlying mechanism explaining the increased cardiovascular risk in this population.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.