Observational studyUnited European gastroenterology journal2022
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination response in patients with autoimmune hepatitis and autoimmune cholestatic liver disease.
Observational study in United European gastroenterology journal, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Growing attention of immunogenicity among patients with autoimmune diseases post-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: meta-analysis and systematic reviews of the current studies.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Safety and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of public health · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 Vaccination in Liver Cirrhosis: Safety and Immune and Clinical Responses.GE Portuguese journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Article
- Immune responses and clinical outcomes after COVID-19 vaccination in patients with liver disease and liver transplant recipients.Journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- Insight into COVID-19 associated liver injury: Mechanisms, evaluation, and clinical implications.Hepatology forum · 2024Review
- Development of Autoimmune Hepatitis after COVID-19 Infection in Vaccinated Women.Reviews on recent clinical trials · 2024Article
- Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccine enhanced immune responses in patients with chronic liver diseases.Virologica Sinica · 2023Article
- Post-COVID-19 cholangiopathy: Systematic review.World journal of methodology · 2023Article
- Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines in Patients with Autoimmune Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Response in Japanese Patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis: Results of Propensity Score-Matched Case-Control Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Impact of chronic liver disease on SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes: Roles of stage, etiology and vaccination.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination-Induced Immunogenicity in Heart Transplant Recipients.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2023Article
- COVID-19 vaccination and liver disease.World journal of gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Review
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.Journal of autoimmunity · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Response in Patients With Autoimmune Hepatitis.Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and Autoimmune Liver Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in autoimmune hepatitis.Hepatology forum · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimsIn this observational study, we explored the humoral and cellular immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and patients with cholestatic autoimmune liver disease (primary sclerosing cholangitis [PSC] and primary biliary cholangitis [PBC]).
methodsAnti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were determined using the DiaSorin LIAISON and Roche immunoassays in 103 AIH, 64 PSC, and 61 PBC patients and 95 healthy controls >14 days after the second COVID-19 vaccination. The spike-specific T-cell response was assessed using an activation-induced marker assay (AIM) in a subset of individuals.
resultsPrevious SARS-CoV-2 infection was frequently detected in AIH but not in PBC/PSC (10/112 (9%), versus 4/144 (2.7%), p = 0.03). In the remaining patients, seroconversion was measurable in 97% of AIH and 99% of PBC/PSC patients, respectively. However, in 13/94 AIH patients antibody levels were lower than in any healthy control, which contributed to lower antibody levels of the total AIH cohort when compared to PBC/PSC or controls (641 vs. 1020 vs. 1200 BAU/ml, respectively). Notably, antibody levels were comparably low in AIH patients with (n = 85) and without immunosuppression (n = 9). Also, antibody titers significantly declined within 7 months after the second vaccination. In the AIM assay of 20 AIH patients, a spike-specific T-cell response was undetectable in 45% despite a positive serology, while 87% (13/15) of the PBC/PSC demonstrated a spike-specific T-cell response.
conclusionPatients with AIH show an increased SARS-CoV-2 infection rate as well as an impaired B- and T-cell response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccine compared to PBC and PSC patients, even in the absence of immunosuppression. Thus, antibody responses to vaccination in AIH patients need to be monitored and early booster immunizations considered in low responders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.