Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35288801›Full record

ArticleAAPS PharmSciTech2022

Enhanced Intramuscular Bioavailability of Cannabidiol Using Nanocrystals: Formulation, In Vitro Appraisal, and Pharmacokinetics.

Xinzhen Fu, Shiji Xu, Zhi Li, Kun Chen, Huaying Fan, Yu Wang, Zeping Xie, Lijuan Kou, Shumin Zhang

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AAPS PharmSciTech, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Current Challenges and Opportunities for Improved Cannabidiol Solubility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xinzhen FuSchool of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
Shiji XuSchool of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
Zhi LiSchool of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
Kun ChenSchool of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
Huaying FanSchool of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
Yu WangSchool of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
Zeping XieSchool of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
Lijuan KouSchool of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China. klj1182@163.com.
Shumin ZhangSchool of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China. shumin_zhang@outlook.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cannabidiol (CBD) has poor water solubility and is subjected to extensive first-pass metabolism. These absorption obstacles are responsible for low and variable oral bioavailability of CBD. This study endeavored to improve CBD bioavailability by intramuscular (IM) injection of CBD nanocrystals (CBD-NC). The nanocrystals were prepared by antisolvent precipitation method and were characterized in terms of the particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, morphology, and crystalline status. CBD-NC displayed a particle size of 141.7±1.5 nm, a PDI of 0.18±0.01, and a zeta potential of -25.73 mV. CBD-NC freeze-dried powder using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as cryoprotectant had good redispersibility, and the average particle size was 139.1±1.4 nm after reconstitution. Moreover, these freeze-dried powders were characterized for drug loading and pH and were evaluated for in vitro dissolution and in vivo studies in a rat model. The in vivo results showed that AUC

Indexed as

CannabidiolNanoparticlesAnimalsBiological AvailabilityParticle SizeRatsSolubilityCannabidiolbioavailabilitycannabidiolformulation evaluationintramuscular deliverynanocrystals

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.