SynthesisJournal of neurology2022
Global morbidity and mortality of central nervous system tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Journal of neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adjunctive linezolid in patients with tuberculous meningitis for the prevention of mortality or neurologic disability: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Morocco: A systematic review of observational studies.Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence, incidence, and case fatality of tuberculous meningitis in adults living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of intrathecal dexamethasone combined with isoniazid in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis: a meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Pathogen and host biomarkers to aid early diagnosis and prognosis of tuberculous meningitis.Infection · 2026Article
- Improving Inclusion of Ethnically Diverse and Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Populations in Pain Research: A Comprehensive Review and Evidence-Based Recommendations.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Cerebellar ataxia in the Philippines: a scoping review of reported cases and practical approach.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Machine learning approaches for tuberculosis prevalence and risk factor association among high-risk groups in Kigali health facilities.Research square · 2026Article
- Intrathecal Isoniazid and Dexamethasone Therapy May Improve Outcomes in Patients With Tuberculous Meningitis: A 2-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Interplay Between Infectious Diseases and the Endocrine System: An Overview and Clinical Insights.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Review
- Epidemiological trends and neurological outcomes of pediatric central nervous system infections in rural part of western India.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- Clinical and social determinants of treatment outcomes in central nervous system tuberculosis in a high-resource setting: a retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Clinical Profile and Prognostic Determinants in Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: An Observational Study from a Tertiary Neurology Centre in India.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2026Article
- D-Dimer: A Mediator of the Association Between Lymphocyte and Dissemination of Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Clinical approach to drug-resistant tuberculosis of the brain and spine in a low-income setting: A case series.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Predictors of mortality in CNS tuberculosis: clinical and radiological parameters.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- The pharmacokinetics (PK) / pharmacodynamics (PD) of pretomanid, delamanid and bedaquiline in the BALB/c mouse model of central nervous system tuberculosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Central nervous system tuberculosis: characteristics, risks, and outcomes in California adults, 2010-2022.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2026Article
- Co-expression of MARCKS and GSDMD pathway genes in tuberculous meningitis: a multi-omics analysis of blood-brain barrier disruption.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Age-Stratified Effects of Diabetes Mellitus on Central Nervous System Tuberculosis Risk and Combined Effects with Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTuberculosis (TB) is the second most common cause of death due to a single infectious agent worldwide after COVID-19. Up to 15% of the cases are extrapulmonary, and if it is located in the central nervous system (CNS-TB), it presents high morbidity and mortality. Still, the global epidemiology of CNS-TB remains unknown.
aimTo estimate the global prevalence and incidence of CNS-TB based on the available literature.
methodsWe systematically searched in MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Scopus, and LILACS databases (April 2020) and included observational studies evaluating the epidemiology of CNS-TB. Two independent researchers selected and assessed the quality of the studies and extracted relevant data. We performed random-effects model meta-analysis of proportions to estimate the pooled prevalence. The protocol of this study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42018103946).
resultsWe included 53 studies from 28 countries, representing 12,621 patients with CNS-TB. The prevalence of CNS-TB was 2 per 100,000 inhabitants. According to the clinical setting, the prevalence of CNS-TB represented the 13.91% of all cases of meningitis and 4.55% of all cases of TB. The mortality was calculated by tuberculous meningitis due to the lack of data of other presentation, and it rose up to 42.12% in hospitalized patients. The burden of countries' TB, Human Development Index (HDI), and the prevalence of HIV were the most important prevalence moderators, especially in patients with TB. No data on incidence were found.
conclusionThe prevalence and mortality of CNS-TB remain high, and TB meningitis is the most frequent presentation. The highest prevalence was reported in developing countries, and its main moderators were the countries' HDI and HIV infection. Our study was limited by high heterogeneity, risk of bias, and potential data under registration from developing countries. The integration of CNS-TB early detection and management into national TB programs and population-based studies from developing countries are needed for better global estimation and response.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.