ArticleNature immunology2022
Mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity to the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine.
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Article in Nature immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 326 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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326citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
36.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
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Who cites it
326 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 459 citations in OpenAlex.
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- mRNA-based tuberculosis vaccines BNT164a1 and BNT164b1 are immunogenic, well tolerated and efficacious in rodent models.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Temporal Association Between COVID-19 Vaccination and HBsAg Loss in Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Article
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- Defining Composition-Cytokine Relationships Enables the Design of Lipid Nanoparticles with Programmed Immunogenicity.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- A distinct antigen presentation pathway drives potent T cell immunity in lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines.Science advances · 2026Article
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266 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
24 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Chunfeng LiInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Audrey LeeInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Lilit GrigoryanInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Prabhu S ArunachalamInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0090-5689
Madeleine K D ScottInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Meera TrisalInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Florian WimmersInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6482-2228
Mrinmoy SanyalDepartment of Biochemistry & Stanford, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1365-4279
Payton A WeidenbacherDepartment of Biochemistry & Stanford, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Yupeng FengInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8550-2787
Julia Z AdamskaInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Erika ValoreInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Yanli WangInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Rohit VermaInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Noah ReisInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7258-2463
Diane DunhamSean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, CA, USA.
Ruth O'HaraDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Helen ParkVeterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Wei LuoDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Alexander D GitlinDepartment of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9229-0919
Peter KimDepartment of Biochemistry & Stanford, ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Purvesh KhatriInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-4708
Kari C NadeauSean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2146-2955
Bali PulendranInstitute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. bpulend@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-4333
Stanford University · USChan Zuckerberg Initiative (United States) · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · USIndiana University School of MedicineStanford Medicine · USVA Palo Alto Health Care System · US
Funding
Using a tonsil organoid system to probe conditions for the induction of protective antibody and T cell responses to influenza.U19AI057229 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Mark Morris Davis · 2003 to 2026
$88.5MVACCINE INDUCED IMMUNITY IN THE YOUNG AND AGEDU19AI057266 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Rafi Ahmed · 2003 to 2026
$81.7MSystems Biological Analysis of Innate and Adaptive Responses to VaccinationU19AI090023 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI AHMED, RAFI, LI, SHUZHAO · 2010 to 2021
$45.0MSystems biological assessment of T cell responses to vaccinationU19AI167903 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BALI PULENDRAN · 2022 to 2026
$13.2MVaccine against HCV in nonhuman primatesU19AI159840 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI FOUNG, STEVEN · 2021 to 2025
$11.9MMICROBES, DENDRITIC CELL SUBSETS AND T-CELL IMMUNITYR01AI048638 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI PULENDRAN, BALI · 2001 to 2024
$4.5MUnderstanding the Role of Mucosal Antigen Presenting Cells in Regulating Immune ResponseR37AI048638 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI PULENDRAN, BALI · 2009 to 2018
$4.0MPolarizing T Cell Responses in vivo With Dendritic CellsR37DK057665 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI PULENDRAN, BALI · 2010 to 2019
$3.9MHoward Hughes Medical InstituteNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI048638NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI048638NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI057229NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI057266NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI090023NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI159840NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI167903NIDDK NIH HHS R37 DK057665
Abstract
Despite the success of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, the immunological mechanisms that underlie its efficacy are poorly understood. Here we analyzed the innate and adaptive responses to BNT162b2 in mice, and show that immunization stimulated potent antibody and antigen-specific T cell responses, as well as strikingly enhanced innate responses after secondary immunization, which was concurrent with enhanced serum interferon (IFN)-γ levels 1 d following secondary immunization. Notably, we found that natural killer cells and CD8
Indexed as
CD8-Positive T-LymphocytesVaccinesAdaptive ImmunityAnimalsBNT162 VaccineHumansImmunity, InnateMicemRNA VaccinesVaccines, SyntheticBNT162 VaccinemRNA VaccinesVaccinesVaccines, Synthetic
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.