ArticleDiabetes care2022
Empagliflozin Improves Cognitive Impairment in Frail Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.
Article in Diabetes care, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interplay between frailty and cardiometabolic disorders: from pathophysiology to clinical implications.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Pooled it
- Immunology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Expert review of clinical immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-diabetic agents and the risks of dementia in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Long-term surrogate cardiovascular outcomes of SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin in chronic heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors alleviate cognitive dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.Lipids in health and disease · 2023Pooled it
- Perceptions and responses to cognitive decline in people with diabetes: A systematic review of qualitative studies.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of empagliflozin on functional capacity, LV filling pressure, and cardiac reserves in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a randomized controlled open-label trial.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of empagliflozin as adjunctive therapy to citalopram in major depressive disorder: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.BMC psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Long-term safety and efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitor use in older east Asians with type 2 diabetes.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2024Trial
- Diabetes-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction: Pathophysiology, Molecular Mechanisms, and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Review
- HClinical cardiology · 2026Article
- Neurocardiology: Brain-Heart Interactions in the Heart.MedComm · 2026Review
- How does type 2 diabetes modify the risk of Alzheimer's disease?Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Personalised Approach to the Management of Older People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Evidence on SGLT2 Inhibitors' Efficacy in Older and Frail Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and risk of dementia in older adults with type 2 diabetes: A target trial emulation.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular effectiveness and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors vs DPP4 inhibitors by dementia status: a cohort study of older adults with diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Diabetes and its complications: molecular mechanisms, prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Empagliflozin Improves Learning and Memory Deficits in Streptozotocin-Induced Hyperglycemic Male Wistar Rats.Journal of experimental pharmacology · 2026Article
- Stress hyperglycemia ratio and physical frailty in HFpEF.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Observational
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess whether the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin improves cognitive impairment in frail older adults with diabetes and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe designed a prospective study to assess cognitive and physical function in consecutive frail older adults with diabetes and HFpEF, comparing the effects of empagliflozin, metformin, and insulin.
resultsA total of 162 frail older adults with HFpEF and diabetes successfully completed the study. Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores at baseline and after 1 month were 19.80 ± 3.77 vs. 22.25 ± 3.27 (P < 0.001) in the empagliflozin group, 19.95 ± 3.81 vs. 20.71 ± 3.56 (P = 0.26) in the metformin group, and 19.00 ± 3.71 vs. 19.1 ± 3.56 (P = 0.81) in the insulin group. A multivariable regression analysis confirmed the beneficial effects of empagliflozin. Additionally, we observed a marked amelioration of physical impairment, assessed by the 5-m gait speed test, in the empagliflozin and metformin groups but not in the insulin group.
conclusionsThis study is the first to show significant beneficial effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on cognitive and physical impairment in frail older adults with diabetes and HFpEF.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.