ArticleNucleic acids research2022
A mobile restriction-modification system provides phage defence and resolves an epigenetic conflict with an antagonistic endonuclease.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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25 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome Evolution in Plant Pathogenic Bacteria.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Review
- Eco-evolutionary feedbacks drive the co-occurrence of restriction-modification systems and antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Of Commensals and Opportunists: Genomics of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci During Sequential Ear and Eye Infections in a Healthy Adult.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Bacterial defense systems: Mechanisms, homology to eukaryotic immune systems, and applications.Zoological research · 2026Review
- Microbial community structure, functional potential, probiotic signatures, and MAG reconstruction of fermented bamboo shoots from Northeast India.FEMS microbes · 2026Article
- Biology of host-dependent restriction-modification in prokaryotes.EcoSal Plus · 2025Review
- Phage Therapy as a Novel Alternative to Antibiotics Through Adaptive Evolution and Fitness Trade-Offs.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The early injected genomic region determines sensitivity to Type I restriction-modification defence against Autographiviridae phages.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Article
- Systematic functional assessment of anti-phage systems in their native host.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Dual Nature of Bacteriophages: Friends or Foes in Minimally Processed Food Products-A Comprehensive Review.Viruses · 2025Review
- Best practices for methylome characterization in novel species: a case study in the microalgae Microchloropsis.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Description of two novel bacteriophages of the class Caudoviricetes that infect Ralstonia solanacearum and Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum.Archives of virology · 2025Article
- Factors Affecting Phage-Bacteria Coevolution Dynamics.Viruses · 2025Review
- Insight into the natural regulatory mechanisms and clinical applications of the CRISPR-Cas system.Heliyon · 2024Review
- Structural analysis of the BisI family of modification dependent restriction endonucleases.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Knowing Our Enemy in the Antimicrobial Resistance Era: Dissecting the Molecular Basis of Bacterial Defense Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Accumulation of defense systems in phage-resistant strains ofScience advances · 2024Article
- Regulation of anti-phage defense mechanisms by using cinnamaldehyde as a quorum sensing inhibitor.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epigenetic DNA methylation plays an important role in bacteria by influencing gene expression and allowing discrimination between self-DNA and intruders such as phages and plasmids. Restriction-modification (RM) systems use a methyltransferase (MTase) to modify a specific sequence motif, thus protecting host DNA from cleavage by a cognate restriction endonuclease (REase) while leaving invading DNA vulnerable. Other REases occur solitarily and cleave methylated DNA. REases and RM systems are frequently mobile, influencing horizontal gene transfer by altering the compatibility of the host for foreign DNA uptake. However, whether mobile defence systems affect pre-existing host defences remains obscure. Here, we reveal an epigenetic conflict between an RM system (PcaRCI) and a methylation-dependent REase (PcaRCII) in the plant pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum RC5297. The PcaRCI RM system provides potent protection against unmethylated plasmids and phages, but its methylation motif is targeted by the methylation-dependent PcaRCII. This potentially lethal co-existence is enabled through epigenetic silencing of the PcaRCII-encoding gene via promoter methylation by the PcaRCI MTase. Comparative genome analyses suggest that the PcaRCII-encoding gene was already present and was silenced upon establishment of the PcaRCI system. These findings provide a striking example for selfishness of RM systems and intracellular competition between different defences.
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