ArticleCancer medicine2022
The interaction between smoking and bladder cancer genetic variants on urothelial cancer risk by disease aggressiveness.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Better together against genetic heterogeneity: A sex-combined joint main and interaction analysis of 290 quantitative traits in the UK Biobank.PLoS genetics · 2024Pooled it
- Cigarette Smoking-RegulatedEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Urea Transporters in Cancer: Emerging Roles and Their Clinical Implications.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Conceptual frameworks for the integration of genetic and social epidemiology in complex diseases.Global epidemiology · 2024Article
- Interaction between blood pressure and genetic risk score for bladder cancer, and risk of urothelial carcinoma in men.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The interaction between smoking and bladder cancer genetic variants on urothelial cancer risk by disease aggressiveness.Cancer medicine · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSmoking has shown interactions with bladder cancer (BC) genetic variants, especially N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2), a tobacco smoke metabolism gene, on BC risk. The interactions by disease aggressiveness are unknown.
methodsWe investigated the interaction between smoking and 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for BC, individually and in a genetic risk score (GRS), on urothelial cancer (UC) risk including BC. We analysed data from 25,453 individuals with 520 incident UCs during follow-up, 339 non-aggressive (non-fatal, non-muscle invasive) and 163 aggressive (all other) UCs. Hazard ratios (HRs), absolute risks and additive and multiplicative interactions for two-by-two combinations of never/ever smoking with low/high genetic risk were calculated.
resultsSmoking and NAT2 rs1495741 interacted strongly, positively on aggressive UC on both the multiplicative (p = 0.004) and additive (p = 0.0002) scale, which was not observed for non-aggressive UC (p
conclusionsThis study suggests that smoking increases UC risk more than expected when combined with certain genetic risks. Individuals with the slow acetylation NAT2 variant might particularly benefit from smoking intervention to prevent lethal UC; however, replication in larger studies is needed.
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