ArticleAnnals of neurology2022
SARS-CoV-2 and Mitochondrial Proteins in Neural-Derived Exosomes of COVID-19.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- SARS-CoV-2 post-acute sequelae in previously hospitalised patients: systematic literature review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- Serum extracellular vesicle RNA profiles in long COVID: insights from exercise-induced gene modulation.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Remote ischemic conditioning improves neuropsychiatric symptoms in COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Human brain matters: Navigating the neuropathology of COVID-19.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Expression levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgM, IgG, and neutralizing antibodies in a Chinese cohort and detection of peptide-specific antibodies in COVID-19 patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- When Viruses Talk through Extracellular Vesicles: a New Perspective on Sars-Cov-2-Induced Neurodegeneration.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 altered mitochondrial DNA methylation in Indian COVID-19 patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advancing understanding of long COVID pathophysiology through quantum walk-based network analysis.Bioinformatics advances · 2026Article
- Lingering echoes of SARS-CoV-2: mechanistic insights and management of long COVID syndrome.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- A perfect storm: the immunological and pathophysiological landscape of pediatric post-COVID-19 condition.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 innate immune recognition and implications for respiratory health.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2025Review
- Review
- Symptoms and Risk Factors for Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study in Primary Care.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Advances in Understanding Long COVID: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and the Role of Omics Technologies in Biomarker Identification.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2025Review
- Long COVID Mechanisms, Microvascular Effects, and Evaluation Based on Incidence.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive Dysfunction in Long COVID: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Targeting the SARS-CoV-2 reservoir in long COVID.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles: translational research and applications in neurology.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Review
- Individualized Algorithm-Based Intermittent Hypoxia Improves Quality of Life in Patients Suffering from Long-Term Sequelae After COVID-19 Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAs SARS-CoV-2 is known to invade neural cell mitochondria, a plasma system for quantifying central nervous system proteins in living humans was used to investigate neuropathogenic mechanisms of long-COVID-19.
methodsSARS-CoV-2 proteins and mitochondrial proteins (MPs) in enriched plasma neuron-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) and astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) were quantified in resolved acute COVID-19 without post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), PASC without neuropsychiatric manifestations (NP), PASC with NP and healthy controls.
resultsNDEV and ADEV mean levels of SARS-CoV-2 S1 and nucleocapsid (N) proteins were higher in all PASC sub-groups than controls, but only N levels were higher in PASC with than without NP. Exosome marker CD81-normalized NDEV mean levels of subunit 6 of MP respiratory chain complex I and subunit 10 of complex III, and neuroprotective MPs Humanin and mitochondrial open-reading frame of the 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) all were decreased significantly in PASC with NP but not in PASC without NP relative to controls. NDEV levels of MPs voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) were decreased in PASC without and with NP, whereas those of calcium channel MPs mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU), sodium/calcium exchanger (NCLX) and leucine zipper EF-hand containing transmembrane 1 protein (LETM1) were decreased only in PASC with NP. ADEV levels of MCU and NCLX only were increased in PASC without and with NP.
interpretationAbnormal NDEV and ADEV levels of SARS-CoV-2 N and S1 protein and MPs correlate with NP and may be biomarkers for long-COVID prognostics and therapeutic trials. ANN NEUROL 2022;91:772-781.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.