ArticleToxicology reports2022
Influence of tobacco smoking on the development of halitosis.
Article in Toxicology reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Halitosis.International dental journal · 2026Guideline
- Prevalence of Use, Impact on Oral Health, and Knowledge Regarding Tobacco Smoking: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Military Marines.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Detection of Oral Bacterial DNA in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Its Microbial Associations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Effects of Heated Tobacco Products on Oral Health and Quality of Life: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- [Research Progress on Microbiome-Driven Mechanisms and Intervention Strategies for Oral Malodor].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- Halitosis among users of electronic nicotine delivery systems in a multi-center cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- How far does feedback on oral malodor assessment influence the decision to quit smoking?Evidence-based dentistry · 2024Article
- Associations between Wastewater Microbiome and Population Smoking Rate Identified Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Impact of the Tobacco Heating System and Cigarette Smoking on the Oral Cavity: A Pilot Study.Dentistry journal · 2023Article
- Exploring the Interplay Between Lifestyle Medicine and Oral Health: A Bidirectional Relationship.American journal of lifestyle medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Halitosis is the general term used to describe any disagreeable odor in exhaled air, regardless of whether the odorous substances originate from oral or non-oral sources. Previous research has strongly associated tobacco smoking in the development of halitosis, as it increases the synthesis of toxic volatile sulfur compounds in diseased periodontal pockets. In this review, we summarize the etiopathology and epidemiology of halitosis as well as the current evidence on the impact of smoking by means of a meta-analysis. Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched to identify publications that reported halitosis in smokers and nonsmokers. Meta-analyses were performed if a sufficient number (n ≥ 3) of articles were available that evaluated the same outcome. Results: The meta-analyses showed that there was an increased risk of halitosis in current smokers versus nonsmokers (odds ratios). These results were consistent both in fixed and random effects models. Even though the interstudy heterogeneity was high (I Conclusions: Halitosis is a common condition which can affect the quality of life of those affected. The results from this literature review and meta-analysis show that current smokers are more likely to suffer from halitosis, even if they are less likely to report it.
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Registered trials
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