ArticleBiomedical optics express2022
Impact of skin tone on photoacoustic oximetry and tools to minimize bias.
Article in Biomedical optics express, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Unifying the spectrum: a framework for the meta-analysis of human skin tone scales.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Pooled it
- Improved quantification of photoacoustic biomarkers through residual-based noise masking.Photoacoustics · 2026Article
- The confounding effects of skin colour in photoacoustic imaging.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Melanin-corrected absolute tissue oxygen saturation estimation via hybrid transmittance-reflectance spectroscopy.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Accuracy and Bias of Pulse Oximetry in the Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Observational Study.Nursing in critical care · 2026Observational
- Impact of skin pigmentation on photoacoustic tomography: a phantom study.Biophotonics discovery · 2026Article
- Predictive modeling of chronic foot ulcer outcomes using longitudinal photoacoustic imaging.Npj imaging · 2026Article
- Digital instrument simulator platform to support the development of noninvasive optical NIR device for placenta monitoring.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Dual-modal photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging for early diagnosis of ovarian torsion and evaluation of long-term tissue hypoxia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Enhancing diagnostic reliability in non-invasive health Monitoring: An analytical framework for optimizing magnetic sensor-skin interactions in biomedical applications.Materials today. Bio · 2025Review
- Smarter biopsy decisions in thyroid nodules via dual-modal photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging.Science advances · 2025Article
- Smartphone tristimulus colorimetry for skin-tone analysis at common pulse oximetry anatomical sites.Biophotonics discovery · 2025Article
- Photoacoustic oxygenation imaging to identify ischemia/hypoxia injury and necrosis of intestine after acute intussusception: A comparative study with CDFI/CEUS.Photoacoustics · 2025Article
- Label-Free Dual-Modal Photoacoustic/Ultrasound Localization Imaging for Studying Acute Kidney Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Diode-based photoacoustic imaging for monitoring therapeutic response in rheumatoid arthritis.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- Enhanced clinical photoacoustic vascular imaging through a skin localization network and adaptive weighting.Photoacoustics · 2025Article
- Normal and melanoma skin visualized, quantified and compared by in vivo photoacoustic imaging.Photoacoustics · 2025Article
- Effects of skin tone and adipose thickness on frequency domain near-infrared spectroscopy and diffuse correlation spectroscopy.Biophotonics discovery · 2025Article
- The Potential of Photoacoustic Imaging in Detecting and Managing Complex Wounds.Biomaterials research · 2025Review
- Developing technologies to assess vascular ageing: a roadmap from VascAgeNet.Physiological measurement · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The major optical absorbers in tissue are melanin and oxy/deoxy-hemoglobin, but the impact of skin tone and pigmentation on biomedical optics is still not completely understood or adequately addressed. Melanin largely governs skin tone with higher melanin concentration in subjects with darker skin tones. Recently, there has been extensive debate on the bias of pulse oximeters when used with darker subjects. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging can measure oxygen saturation similarly as pulse oximeters and could have value in studying this bias. More importantly, it can deconvolute the signal from the skin and underlying tissue. Here, we studied the impact of skin tone on PA signal generation, depth penetration, and oximetry. Our results show that subjects with darker skin tones exhibit significantly higher PA signal at the skin surface, reduced penetration depth, and lower oxygen saturation compared to subjects with lighter skin tones. We then suggest a simple way to compensate for these signal differences.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.