ArticleCanada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada2020
National findings from the Tracks survey of people who inject drugs in Canada, Phase 4, 2017-2019.
Article in Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sexually transmitted and bloodborne infections testing among people who use substances: findings from the 2023 British Columbia Harm Reduction Client Survey.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Experiences of people who inject drugs with hepatitis C testing and their perceptions of a pharmacy-based testing option: a qualitative study.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Estimating the population size of people who inject drugs in Canada, 2021.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2025Review
- National hepatitis B and C estimates for 2021: Measuring Canada's progress towards eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health concern.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2025Article
- Exploring housing instability through a gender lens among people who inject drugs in Montreal, Canada.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- Changing age profile and incidence of injecting drug use initiation among people in Australia who inject drugs: evidence from two national repeated cross-sectional studies.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Evolution and Possible Explanations for the Trends in New HIV Diagnoses in Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, Compared to the Rest of Canada, 1985-2022.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2025Article
- Housing matters: The long-term impact of stable housing on mortality among people with HIV in British Columbia, Canada.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Drug use stigma, accidental pet poisonings, and veterinary care: results from a survey of pet owners in Vancouver, British Columbia.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Cost-benefit analysis of Canada's Prison Needle Exchange Program for the prevention of hepatitis C and injection-related infections.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2024Article
- Infective Endocarditis Among Women Who Inject Drugs.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Population-level cascade of care for hepatitis C in Newfoundland and Labrador.Canadian liver journal · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Test Uptake Among People Who Inject Drugs in the Context of an HIV Outbreak.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Prevalence, risk factors, treatment uptake and treatment outcome of hepatitis C virus in people who inject drugs at the needle and syringe program in Uppsala, Sweden.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Accessing hepatitis C direct acting antivirals among people living with hepatitis C: a qualitative study.International journal for equity in health · 2023Article
- Rapid hepatitis C virus point-of-care RNA testing and treatment at an integrated supervised consumption service in Toronto, Canada: a prospective, observational cohort study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2023Article
- National Hepatitis C estimates: Incidence, prevalence, undiagnosed proportion and treatment, Canada, 2019.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2022Article
- Birth cohort hepatitis C antibody prevalence in real-world screening settings in Ontario.Canadian liver journal · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the bioMérieux VIDAS HIV Duo Quick and Anti-HCV assays for dried blood spot based serosurveillance.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of hepatitis D virus infection in Canada.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The Tracks survey of people who inject drugs (PWID) collected data in 14 sentinel sites across Canada (2017-2019). Objective: To describe the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C and associated risk behaviours and to examine trends over time. Methods: Information regarding socio-demographics, social determinants of health, use of prevention services and testing, drug use, risk behaviours, and HIV and hepatitis C testing, care and treatment was collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires. Biological samples were tested for HIV, hepatitis C antibodies and hepatitis C ribonucleic acid (RNA). Descriptive statistics were calculated and trends over time were assessed. Results: Of the 2,383 participants, 65.6% were cisgender male, 42.2% were Indigenous, 48.0% completed some high school or less, 62.6% lived in unstable housing and 75.7% had ever been incarcerated. Average age was 40.1 years. The majority experienced stigma and discrimination (88.7%) and physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse in childhood (85.0%) or with a sexual partner (75.9%). The majority reported use of a needle/syringe distribution program (90.1%) and tested for HIV (90.5%) and hepatitis C (90.9%).Among participants who had ever had sex, the majority (59.2%) reported inconsistent condom use during vaginal and/or anal sex with a casual sex partner. Prevalence of HIV was 10.3% (82.9% were aware of infection status) and many (36.9%) were hepatitis C RNA-positive (50.1% were aware of infection status).Most surveillance indicators remained relatively stable from Phase 1 to Phase 4. Changes were found in substances used, and improvements were noted related to HIV and hepatitis C prevalence and care cascade indicators. Conclusion: Many PWID in Canada were living in unstable housing and experienced high levels of stigma and discrimination. Prevalence of HIV and hepatitis C was high in some areas. These findings contribute to the evidence base used to inform targeted prevention and control measures.
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