ArticleOphthalmology. Retina2022
Longitudinal Analysis of the Retina and Choroid in Cognitively Normal Individuals at Higher Genetic Risk of Alzheimer Disease.
Article in Ophthalmology. Retina, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Choroidal vascularity index is independent of ocular and image-based factors in healthy eyes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Quantitative ophthalmic posterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography and neurologic conditions: a review.Frontiers in neurologyPooled it
- Assessing outer retinal and choroidal changes in scd: potential for high-risk screening using SS-OCTA.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Review
- Ocular changes as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Development of next generation low-cost OCT towards improved point-of-care retinal imaging.Biomedical optics express · 2025Article
- Longitudinal Assessment of Retinal Microvasculature in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Article
- Choriocapillaris and Retinal Vascular Alterations in Presymptomatic Alzheimer's Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Longitudinal Analysis of Retinal Microvascular and Choroidal Imaging Parameters in Parkinson's Disease Compared with Controls.Ophthalmology science · 2023Article
- Retinal mid-peripheral capillary free zones are enlarged in cognitively unimpaired older adults at high risk for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2023Article
- Exploratory Longitudinal Study of Ocular Structural and Visual Functional Changes in Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Convolutional Neural Network-Based Automated Quality Assessment of OCT and OCT Angiography Image Maps in Individuals With Neurodegenerative Disease.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Retinal Vascular Study Using OCTA in Subjects at High Genetic Risk of Developing Alzheimer's Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Automated Quantitative Assessment of Retinal Vascular Tortuosity in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
- Association between choroidal microvasculature in the eye and Alzheimer's disease risk in cognitively healthy mid-life adults: A pilot study.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
- Retinal vascular biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review and meta-analysis.Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo assess the baseline differences and longitudinal rate of change in retinal and choroidal imaging parameters between apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) carriers and noncarriers with normal cognition.
designProspective study. SUBJECTS: Four hundred thirteen eyes of 218 individuals with normal cognition aged ≥ 55 years with known APOE status (98 APOE ε4 carriers and 120 noncarriers). The exclusion criteria included diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hypertension, glaucoma, and vitreoretinal or neurodegenerative disease.
methodsOCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed at baseline and 2 years (Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 with AngioPlex; Zeiss Meditec). The groups were compared using sex- and age-adjusted generalized estimating equations.
main outcome measuresOCT parameters: retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness, central subfield thickness (CST), and choroidal vascularity index. OCT angiography parameters: foveal avascular zone area, perfusion density (PD), vessel density, peripapillary capillary PD (CPD), and capillary flux index (CFI). The rate of change per year was calculated.
resultsAt the baseline, the APOE ε4 carriers had lower CST (P = 0.018), PD in the 6-mm ETDRS circle (P = 0.049), and temporal CFI (P = 0.047). Seventy-one APOE ε4 carriers and 78 noncarriers returned at 2 years; at follow-up, the 6-mm ETDRS circle (P = 0.05) and outer ring (P = 0.049) showed lower PD in the APOE ε4 carriers, with no differences in the rates of change between the groups (all P > 0.05).
conclusionsThere was exploratory evidence of differences in the CST, PD, and peripapillary CFI between the APOE ε4 carriers and noncarriers with normal cognition. Larger and longer-term studies may help further elucidate the potential prognostic value of these findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.