ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
Migraine: A Review on Its History, Global Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Comorbidities.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 172 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Flunarizine Vs Amitriptyline in Prophylaxis of Migraine Prophylaxis
Effects of Active Release Technique and Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization in Patients With Migraine
Comparison Between FL41 Tinted Spectacles, Biomedics55 Premier Contact Lenses, and Altius Tinted Contact Lenses on Photophobia
Who cites it
172 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 309 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for Migraine: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Investigating the impact of migraine on short-term and working memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Relationship Between Migraine and Alzheimer's Disease: A Study of Mendelian Randomization.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- The role of Atogepant in migraine prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Irregular meal and migraine headache: a scoping review.BMC nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Association of ESR1 Polymorphisms with Susceptibility to Migraine: A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.Current pain and headache reports · 2025Pooled it
- Spinal manipulations for migraine: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- A role of NLRP3 and MMP9 in migraine progression: a systematic review of translational study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Global trends in migraine and anxiety over the past 10 years: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of alternate nostril breathing on the severity and frequency of migraine attacks: a randomized control trial.Primary health care research & development · 2025Trial
- A Global Perspective on Migraine Attack Triggers: Understanding Differences Across Lifestyles, Religions, and Regions.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- Subtyping metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease using electronic health record-linked genomic cohorts reveals diverse etiologies and progression.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Acute migraine treatments in patients above age 65.Headache · 2026Review
- Celiac Disease and the Nervous System: A Comprehensive Overview of Neurological Manifestations and Underlying Mechanisms.Neuromolecular medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of Migraine and its Management in 5 Gulf Countries: Results of Social Media Platforms Listening Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Comparison of the Effectiveness of Greater Occipital Nerve (GON) Block and Sphenopalatine Ganglion (SPG) Block in the Treatment of Chronic Migraine.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Association of Headache and Physical Activity in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Prospective Cohort Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Quantitative pupillometry as a marker of autonomic dysregulation in vestibular migraine.Journal of oral & facial pain and headache · 2026Article
- Migraine in the Corporate Sector: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Job Efficiency Impact, and Management Strategies.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026Article
- Oxidative Stress in Migraine-Effect or Cause?Genes · 2026Review
112 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Migraine affects more than one billion individuals each year across the world, and is one of the most common neurologic disorders, with a high prevalence and morbidity, especially among young adults and females. Migraine is associated with a wide range of comorbidities, which range from stress and sleep disturbances to suicide. The complex and largely unclear mechanisms of migraine development have resulted in the proposal of various social and biological risk factors, such as hormonal imbalances, genetic and epigenetic influences, as well as cardiovascular, neurological, and autoimmune diseases. This review presents a comprehensive review of the most up-to-date literature on the epidemiology, and risk factors, as well as highlighting the gaps in our knowledge.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.