ReviewFrontiers in neurology2021
Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosenescene and Inflammaging: Relevance to the Immunopathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Frontiers in neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aging with multiple sclerosis and associated prevalence, incidence, comorbidities and healthcare utilization patterns in a population based study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Changes in Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Monocyte-to-Lymphocyte Ratios During Multiple Sclerosis Relapse.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Proteomic Age Acceleration in Multiple Sclerosis Precedes Symptom Onset and Associates with Severity.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial-Immune Dysfunction in MS: Therapeutic Potential of EV-Mediated Transfer.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Cellular Senescence in Neurodegeneration: From Cell Types to Therapeutic Opportunities.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Clinical and MRI substrates of Symbol Digit Modalities Test impairment in multiple sclerosis patients with an adult- and late-onset.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Disability and Relapse Risk in Late-Onset Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Integrated multi-omics profiling identifies aging-related molecular signatures and convergent interferon signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Switching from anti-CD20 therapies to cladribine and vice versa - Analysis of a German relapsing multiple sclerosis cohort.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Sympathetic-parasympathetic system deregulation theory of aging.npj aging · 2025Review
- The association between information processing speed and clinical features in people with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica: a comparative study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Roadmap for alleviating the manifestations of ageing in the cardiovascular system.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2025Review
- A novel gene signature for forecasting time to next relapse in multiple sclerosis using peripheral blood mononuclear cells.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- De-escalating and discontinuing disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- The Hallmarks of Ageing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and the Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Telomeres: A Molecular Perspective.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Current challenges in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: diagnosis, activity detection and treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Safety and efficacy of B-cell therapy in older people with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Inflammaging: triggers, molecular mechanisms, immunological consequences, sex differences, and cutaneous manifestations.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Protective Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharide on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice by Activating the AMPK/JAK/ STAT3/Arginase-1 Signaling Pathway.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aging is characterized, amongst other features, by a complex process of cellular senescence involving both innate and adaptive immunity, called immunosenescence and associated to inflammaging, a low-grade chronic inflammation. Both processes fuel each other and partially explain increasing incidence of cancers, infections, age-related autoimmunity, and vascular disease as well as a reduced response to vaccination. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong disease, for which considerable progress in disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and management has improved long-term survival. However, disability progression, increasing with age and disease duration, remains. Neurologists are now involved in caring for elderly MS patients, with increasing comorbidities. Aging of the immune system therefore has relevant implications for MS pathogenesis, response to DMTs and the risks mediated by these treatments. We propose to review current evidence regarding markers and molecular mechanisms of immunosenescence and their relevance to understanding MS pathogenesis. We will focus on age-related changes in the innate and adaptive immune system in MS and other auto-immune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The consequences of these immune changes on MS pathology, in interaction with the intrinsic aging process of central nervous system resident cells will be discussed. Finally, the impact of immunosenescence on disease evolution and on the safety and efficacy of current DMTs will be presented.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.