ReviewMedComm2022
Trained immunity: A Yin-Yang balance.
Review in MedComm, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Advances for Virus-vectored Tuberculosis Vaccines and Latest Findings on Tuberculosis Vaccine Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Soil-derived microbiota induces T regulatory cells and protect against mouse colitis, metabolic disease, and sepsis.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- An Rv1471-expressing chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine confers protection against tuberculosis by inducing alveolar macrophage trained immunity and polyfunctional T-cell responses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- BCG HSP70 Reprograms Macrophages via Central Trained Immunity to Suppress Prostate Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Beta-Glucan modulates monocyte plasticity and differentiation capacity to mitigate DSS-induced colitis.eLife · 2026Article
- Review
- Recent perspectives on macrophage memory: types, mechanisms, and characteristics in pulmonary diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Article
- Trained Immunity Exacerbates Inflammatory Arthritis Progression via Promoting Synovial Fibroblast Ferroptotic Resistance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Trained Immunity in Health and Disease.MedComm · 2025Review
- Trained immunity induced by DAMPs and LAMPs in chronic inflammatory diseases.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Maladaptive trained immunity in viral infections.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
- Innate immunity and training to subvert original antigenic sin by the humoral immune response.eLife · 2025Article
- Beyond Tuberculosis: The Surprising Immunological Benefits of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine in Infectious, Auto-Immune, and Inflammatory Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dendritic Cell Vaccine Harboring Inactivated Mycobacteria Induces Immune Protection Against Tuberculosis in Murine Models and is Well Tolerated in Humans.Small science · 2025Article
- Mitochondrial unfolded protein response in regulatory T cell function: a protective mechanism in immune aging.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Cellular and Transcriptomic Early Innate Immune Response to BCG Vaccination in Mice.Cells · 2024Article
- Immune correlates of protection as a game changer in tuberculosis vaccine development.NPJ vaccines · 2024Review
- STING-dependent trained immunity contributes to host defense against Clostridium perfringens infection via mTOR signaling.Veterinary research · 2024Article
- Multi-omics analysis reveals that linoleic acid metabolism is associated with variations of trained immunity induced by distinct BCG strains.Science advances · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traditionally, immune memory is regarded as an exclusive hallmark of adaptive immunity. However, a growing body of evidence suggesting that innate immune cells show adaptive characteristics has challenged this dogma. In the past decade, trained immunity, a de facto innate immune memory, has been defined as a long-term functional reprogramming of cells of the innate immune system: the reprogramming is evoked by endogenous or exogenous insults, the cells return to a nonactivated state and subsequently show altered inflammatory responses against a second challenge. Trained immunity became regarded as a mechanism selected in evolution to protect against infection; however, a maladaptive effect might result in hyperinflammation. This dual effect is consistent with the Yin-Yang theory in traditional Chinese philosophy, in which Yang represents active, positive, and aggressive factors, whereas Yin represents passive, negative, and inhibitory factors. In this review, we give a brief overview of history and latest progress about trained immunity, including experimental models, inductors, molecular mechanisms, clinical application and so on. Moreover, this is the first time to put forward the theory of Yin-Yang balance to understand trained immunity. We envision that more efforts will be focused on developing novel immunotherapies targeting trained immunity in the coming years.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.