ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
A Paradoxical Effect of Interleukin-32 Isoforms on Cancer.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Upregulation of IL-32γ in endothelial cells promotes macrophage recruitment and inflammatory progression in atherosclerosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Tumor microenvironment-derived IL-32 promotes aggressive phenotypes and stem cell traits in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- Dynamic integration of CXCL8 or CCL20 signaling with IL-15 or IL-32α reprograms human T-cell functional plasticity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal single-cell analysis reveals treatment-resistant stem and mast cells with potential treatments for pediatric AML.Leukemia · 2025Article
- Global profiling of N-terminal cysteine-dependent degradation mechanisms.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- IL-32-mediated caspase-43 induction: Shaping macrophage differentiation & immunomodulation in glioblastoma multiforme.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- The relationship between 1,25(OH)SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- IL-32γ Induced Autophagy Through Suppression of MET and mTOR Pathways in Liver Tumor Growth Inhibition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- IL-32/NFκB/miR-205 loop sustains the high expression of IL-32 and enhances the motility of cervical cancer cells.Human cell · 2024Article
- Single-cell long-read targeted sequencing reveals transcriptional variation in ovarian cancer.Nature communications · 2024Article
- IL-2 and TCR stimulation induce expression and secretion of IL-32β by human T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Circulating Interlukin-32 and Altered Blood Pressure Control in Individuals with Metabolic Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Human IL-32θA94V mutant attenuates monocyte-endothelial adhesion by suppressing the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 via binding to cell surface receptor integrin αVβ3 and αVβ6 in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Interleukin-32 as a biomarker in rheumatic diseases: A narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
IL-32 plays a contradictory role such as tumor proliferation or suppressor in cancer development depending on the cancer type. In most cancers, it was found that the high expression of IL-32 was associated with more proliferative and progression of cancer. However, studying the isoforms of IL-32 cytokine has placed its paradoxical role into a wide range of functions based on its dominant isoform and surrounding environment. IL-32β, for example, was found mostly in different types of cancer and associated with cancer expansion. This observation is legitimate since cancer exhibits some hypoxic environment and IL-32β was known to be induced under hypoxic conditions. However, IL-32θ interacts directly with protein kinase C-δ reducing NF-κB and STAT3 levels to inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This effect could explain the different functions of IL-32 isoforms in cancer. However, pro- or antitumor activity which is dependant on obesity, gender, and age as it relates to IL-32 has yet to be studied. Obesity-related IL-32 regulation indicated the role of IL-32 in cancer metabolism and inflammation. IL-32-specific direction in cancer therapy is difficult to conclude. In this review, we address that the paradoxical effect of IL-32 on cancer is attributed to the dominant isoform, cancer type, tumor microenvironment, and genetic background. IL-32 seems to have a contradictory role in cancer. However, investigating multiple IL-32 isoforms could explain this doubt and bring us closer to using them in therapy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.