ArticleMolecular biology reports2022
Proteasome inhibitor immunotherapy for the epithelial to mesenchymal transition: assessing the A549 lung cancer cell microenvironment and the role of M1, M2a and M2c 'hydrocortisone-polarised' macrophages.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- MicroRNA regulation of macrophage polarization in lung cancer: Regulatory networks and therapeutic potential (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Sorbicillin water fraction from Penicillium flavigenum: Impact on anti-proliferative, apoptotic, and neuroinflammatory responses in glioma model.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Anti-Metastatic Effects of Aprepitant on Glioblastoma Cells: Targeting the Substance P/Neurokinin-1 Pathway.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- The role of tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Enhanced anti-angiogenic effects of aprepitant-loaded nanoparticles in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Screening and identification of HTNVVirologica Sinica · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundLung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, primarily as a result of metastases. In this metastasis, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is essential. Interaction with the cancer cell microenvironment is primarily dependent on M1- and M2-polarized macrophage. METHODS AND
resultsIn this study, we revealed the EMT-associated activity of M1, M2a and M2c macrophages in A549 lung cancer cells. We established a co-culture model of A549 lung cancer cells utilizing THP-1-derived M1/M2 polarised macrophages to explore the involvement of macrophages in the immune response, apoptosis, and EMT in lung cancer. Although multiple polarising agents are routinely used for M1 and M2 conversion, we assessed a new possible polarising agent, hydrocortisone.
conclusionsM1 increased A549 cell sensitivity to proteasome inhibitors and decreased A549 cell viability by inducing apoptosis. EMT was induced in the presence of M2c macrophages in A549 cells by the levels of vimentin, fibronectin, E-cadherin, NF-kB, CCL-17. We also revealed the antiproliferative effects of bortezomib and ixazomib on A549 cells in both 2D and 3D cultures. Our findings could help develop an immunotherapeutic strategy by shedding light on a previously undiscovered part of the EMT pathway. Furthermore, additional investigation may reveal that polarising tumour-associated macrophages to M1 and eliminating the M2a or particularly the M2c subtype are effective anti-cancer strategies.
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