SynthesisJournal of the National Medical Association2022
Improving African American women's engagement in clinical research: A systematic review of barriers to participation in clinical trials.
Synthesis in Journal of the National Medical Association, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review and meta synthesis of barriers and facilitators to Black women's participation in healthcare research.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Pooled it
- Prayer for Pain and Anxiety in a Primary Care Setting: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Annals of family medicine · 2026Trial
- Randomized Comparison of Online Motivational Themes in Clinical Trial Recruitment.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Learning from Nigeria's public-private pathways to generate inclusive healthcare data.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Health-Related Social Needs Among Parous Women.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Drivers of Research Participation Among Racially and Ethnically Underrepresented Women: Insights from Semi-Structured Interviews.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Article
- Short-term high sodium intake increases nocturnal blood pressure but not arterial stiffness in Black adults.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Social Perceptions of Weight Loss With Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists in Black and White Women With Obesity.Stigma and health · 2026Article
- Guide on Selection of Optimal Motivational Themes for Use in a Clinical Trial Recruiting Black US Adults: Survey Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Promoting the recruitment of historically underrepresented children and families in clinical trials: Perspectives of pediatric clinic staff.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Iterating the women in pain reduction and improved mood through empowerment intervention.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Engaging Minoritized Communities in Clinical Trials Through Social Media: Recommendations from Community-Based Participatory Research.Health communication · 2025Article
- Article
- "We Don't Get Drugs Targeted for Us:" Applying the Integrated Behavioral Model to Understand Why Black Women Chose to Participate in a Breast Cancer Clinical Trial.Health communication · 2025Article
- Gender Diversity of Research Teams and Clinical Trial Enrollment.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- African American and African-Born Black Women's Perspectives and Experiences with a Cervical Health Education and HPV-Self Sampling Intervention.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Barriers and strategies for recruitment of pregnant women in contemporary longitudinal birth cohort studies.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Article
- Innovative Development of Research Engagement Manual: Strategies to Enhance Recruitment and Retention of Black Individuals in Clinical Trials for Substance Use Disorders.Health equity · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite multiple efforts, African American women continue to be inadequately represented in clinical research while being overrepresented in disease, producing research results with limited generalizability to this specific population. Our understanding of the barriers to participation in clinical trials among racial/ethnic minority patients in general has evolved, but few studies have examined the reasoning behind African American women's decision to not participate in clinical trials.
objectiveThe primary aim was to conduct a systematic review to identify the barriers reported by African American women regarding participation in clinical research to help explain the low levels of enrollment. We also suggest strategies that can be implemented by the research community to lessen the effect of those barriers.
methodsSearches were conducted through MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Following a set of eligibility criteria, a total of 18 peer-reviewed journal articles were selected and analyzed to render categories and themes.
resultsAcross studies aimed at examining their unique perspective, the reasons mentioned by African American women for not participating in clinical research were grouped in three broad categories: 1) weak relationship with the medical and research community, 2) high cost to participation, and 3) personal and "out-of-reach" circumstances. Reasons pertaining to participants' relationship with physicians/researchers were most salient. DISCUSSION: A targeted and comprehensive understanding of the barriers impacting African American women's decision to participate in clinical research informs population-specific recruitment and research strategies for future studies. Additional studies assessing barriers to clinical trial research participation that intentionally report on disaggregated data by not only race/ethnicity but also sex are essential to improving the risk/benefit profile for a wide range of prevention and treatment efforts. This improved understanding of the differences between subgroups within minority populations has implications for bolstering culturally sensitive messages to enhance the engagement of minority communities in clinical trial research.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.