Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35279092›Full record

ArticleBMC geriatrics2022

Do changes in frailty, physical functioning, and cognitive functioning predict mortality in old age? Results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam.

Sasmita Kusumastuti, Emiel O Hoogendijk, Thomas A Gerds, Rikke Lund, Erik L Mortensen, Martijn Huisman, Rudi G J Westendorp

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC geriatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Sasmita KusumastutiSection of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Emiel O HoogendijkDepartment of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC - location VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, Netherlands. e.hoogendijk@amsterdamumc.nl.ORCID 0000-0001-9660-5108
Thomas A GerdsSection of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Rikke LundCenter for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Erik L MortensenCenter for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Martijn HuismanDepartment of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC - location VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Rudi G J WestendorpSection of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
University of Copenhagen · DKAmsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · NLAmsterdam University Medical Centers · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe ability to accurately predict survival in older adults is crucial as it guides clinical decision making. The added value of using various health indicators as well as changes in these indicators for predicting mortality remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether changes in health indicators such as frailty and physical performance improve mortality predictions in old age.

methodsThis is a population based prospective cohort study on 995 community-dwelling people aged 68-92 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Two measurements at a three-year interval (1995/1996 and 1998/1999) were available for the frailty index, frailty phenotype, grip strength, walking speed, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Cox regression was used to analyze mortality risks associated with the current health status and changes in health, with mortality data up to 2017. The extent to which these health indicators improved mortality predictions compared to models with age and sex only was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

resultsThe AUC of age and sex for five-year mortality was 72.8% (95% CI 69.0 - 76.5) and was the lowest in the oldest old (age > 80.5 years). The added AUC of the current status of health indicators ranged from 0.7 to 3.3%. The added AUC of the three-year change was lower, ranging from -0.0 to 1.1%, whereas the added AUC of three-year change and current status combined was similar to current status alone, ranging from 0.6 to 3.2%. Across age, the added AUC of current status was highest in the oldest old, however there was no such pattern using three-year change. Overall, the frailty index appeared to improve mortality predictions the most, followed by the frailty phenotype, MMSE, grip strength, and walking speed.

conclusionsCurrent health status improved mortality predictions better than changes in health. Its contribution was highest in the oldest old, but the added value to models with age and sex only was limited.

Indexed as

FrailtyAgedAged, 80 and overAgingCognitionFrail ElderlyGeriatric AssessmentHumansIndependent LivingProspective StudiesFrailtyFunctional declineHealth indicatorsPrognosisSurvival analysis

Identifiers

PMID35279092
PMCPMC8917670
OpenAlexW4220766684

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.