ArticleOphthalmology. Retina2022
Hemi- and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Associated with COVID-19 Infection in Young Patients without Known Risk Factors.
Article in Ophthalmology. Retina, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical characteristics of acute primary angle closure following COVID-19 during the Omicron outbreak in China.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Intravitreal exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is associated with aggravated retinal lesions in a murine model of central retinal vein occlusion.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Changes in the spectrum of ocular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2022 in the Hubei Province.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- Analysis of retinal sublayers in patients with systemic COVID-19 illness with varying degrees of severity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Relationship Between COVID-19 and Retinal Vein Occlusions.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Ocular neuroinflammatory response secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Unilateral branch retinal artery occlusion in association with COVID-19: a case report.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Retinal vascular occlusion risks during the COVID-19 pandemic and after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The spectrum of COVID-19-associated chorioretinal vasculopathy.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2023Article
- Big data are needed for analysis of the association of retinal vascular occlusion and COVID-19.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Retinal Changes After COVID-19 Infection and COVID-19 Vaccination.International medical case reports journal · 2023Article
- Central retinal vein occlusion in young population: risk factors and outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Pathogenesis of Vascular Retinal Manifestations inBiomedicines · 2022Review
- Clinical Features of Central Retinal Vein Occlusion in Young Patients.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 12 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeVenous thromboembolic complications have been reported in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We raised awareness regarding a potential temporal association between COVID-19 infection and retinal vein occlusion (RVO).
designMulticenter, retrospective, nonconsecutive case series. SUBJECTS: Patients presenting with hemi-RVO (HRVO) or central RVO (CRVO) between March 2020 and March 2021, with confirmed COVID-19 infection, were included. The exclusion criteria were as follows: age >50 years, hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma, obesity, underlying hypercoagulable states, and those requiring intubation during hospitalization.
methodsThis was a multicenter, retrospective, nonconsecutive case series including patients presenting with hemi-RVO (HRVO) or central RVO (CRVO) between March 2020 and March 2021, with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The exclusion criteria were as follows: age >50 years, hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma, obesity, underlying hypercoagulable states, and those requiring intubation during hospitalization.
main outcome measuresOphthalmic findings, including presenting and final visual acuity (VA), imaging findings, and clinical course.
resultsTwelve eyes of 12 patients with CRVO (9 of 12) or HRVO (3 of 12) after COVID-19 infection were included. The median age was 32 years (range, 18-50 years). Three patients were hospitalized, but none were intubated. The median time from COVID-19 diagnosis to ophthalmic symptoms was 6.9 weeks. The presenting VA ranged from 20/20 to counting fingers, with over half (7 of 12) having a VA of ≥20/40. OCT revealed macular edema in 42% of the eyes; of these, 80% (4 of 5) were treated with anti-VEGF injections. Ninety-two percent (11 of 12) had partial or complete resolution of ocular findings at final follow-up. Four eyes (33%) had retinal thinning, as determined using OCT, by the end of the study interval. The final VA ranged from 20/20 to 20/60, with 11 of the 12 (92%) eyes achieving a VA of ≥20/40 at a median final follow-up period of 13 weeks (range, 4-52 weeks).
conclusionsAlthough we acknowledge the high seroprevalence of COVID-19 and that a causal relationship cannot be established, we reported this series to raise awareness regarding the potential risk of retinal vascular events due to a heightened thromboinflammatory state associated with COVID-19 infection.
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