ArticleJournal of medical virology2022
The impact of anti-COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot, and mouth disease-A spatiotemporal perspective in Xi'an, northwestern China.
Article in Journal of medical virology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regional and facility-type variations in infectious diseases in childcare and early childhood education facilities in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic: A nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire survey.Global health & medicine · 2026Article
- Dynamic changes of hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic crossing three periods in Jiangxi Province, China: a long-term epidemiology retrospective study from 2009 to 2022.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Animal models for enterovirus 71: Mechanisms, immunity, and applications.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Temporal phylodynamics of Coxsackievirus A6 VP1 in Shenzhen (2022-2024).BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prediction of monthly occurrence number of scrub typhus in Ganzhou City, China, based on SARIMA and BPNN models.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Article
- Influence of the Enterovirus 71 Vaccine and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in China Based on Counterfactual Models: Observational Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Observational
- Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against HFMD associated enteroviruses among healthy individuals in Shanghai, China, 2022.Virologica Sinica · 2024Article
- The non-stationary and spatially varying associations between hand, foot and mouth disease and multiple environmental factors: A Bayesian spatiotemporal mapping model study.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and interventions on hand, foot and mouth disease in Zhengzhou, China, 2014-2022: a retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Trend of hand, foot and mouth disease before, during, and after China's COVID control policies in Zhejiang, China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Current status of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.Journal of biomedical science · 2023Review
- Assessing the impact of COVID-19 interventions on the hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangdong Province, China: a Bayesian modeling study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Surveillance, epidemiology, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 interventions on the incidence of enterovirus infections in Nanchang, China, 2010-2022.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Effects of different levels of non-pharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot and mouth disease in Guangzhou, China.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Prognosis of Myocarditis Developing After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination Compared With Viral Myocarditis.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022Article
- One-Year Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 and Rotavirus in Water Matrices from a Hot Spring Area.Food and environmental virology · 2022Article
- The impact of anti-COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on hand, foot, and mouth disease-A spatiotemporal perspective in Xi'an, northwestern China.Journal of medical virology · 2022Article
- Spatiotemporal impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 on the incidence of infectious diarrhea in Xi'an, China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Growing evidence has shown that anti-COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) can support prevention and control of various infectious diseases, including intestinal diseases. However, most studies focused on the short-term mitigating impact and neglected the dynamic impact over time. This study is aimed to investigate the dynamic impact of anti-COVID-19 NPIs on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) over time in Xi'an City, northwestern China. Based on the surveillance data of HFMD, meteorological and web search data, Bayesian Structural Time Series model and interrupted time series analysis were performed to quantitatively measure the impact of NPIs in sequent phases with different intensities and to predict the counterfactual number of HFMD cases. From 2013 to 2021, a total number of 172,898 HFMD cases were reported in Xi'an. In 2020, there appeared a significant decrease in HFMD incidence (-94.52%, 95% CI: -97.54% to -81.95%) in the first half of the year and the peak period shifted from June to October by a small margin of 6.74% compared to the previous years of 2013 to 2019. In 2021, the seasonality of HFMD incidence gradually returned to the bimodal temporal variation pattern with a significant average decline of 61.09%. In particular, the impact of NPIs on HFMD was more evident among young children (0-3 years), and the HFMD incidence reported in industrial areas had an unexpected increase of 51.71% in 2020 autumn and winter. Results suggested that both direct and indirect NPIs should be implemented as effective public health measures to reduce infectious disease and improve surveillance strategies, and HFMD incidence in Xi'an experienced a significant rebound to the previous seasonality after a prominent decline influenced by the anti-COVID-19 NPIs.
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