Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35277549›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2022

Large scale validation of an early-age eye-tracking biomarker of an autism spectrum disorder subtype.

Teresa H Wen, Amanda Cheng, Charlene Andreason, Javad Zahiri, Yaqiong Xiao, Ronghui Xu, Bokan Bao, Eric Courchesne, Cynthia Carter Barnes, Steven J Arias and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
7.9field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Teresa H WenAutism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. thwen@health.ucsd.edu.
Amanda ChengAutism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Charlene AndreasonAutism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Javad ZahiriAutism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Yaqiong XiaoAutism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Ronghui XuHerbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Department of Mathematics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Bokan BaoAutism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Eric CourchesneAutism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Cynthia Carter BarnesAutism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Steven J AriasAutism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
Karen PierceAutism Center of Excellence, Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 8110 La Jolla Shores Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA. kpierce@health.ucsd.edu.
Center for Autism and Related Disorders · USUniversity of California, San Diego · US

Funding

TARGETING GENETIC PATHWAYS FOR BRAIN OVERGROWTH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERSP50MH081755 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI COURCHESNE, ERIC · 2007 to 2013
$10.3M
Discovering Eye Tracking Biomarkers of ASD with Diagnostic and Prognostic PowerR01MH118879 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI PIERCE, KAREN L · 2019 to 2023
$3.7M
Studying the Biology and Behavior of Autism at 1-Year: The Well-Baby Check-Up AppR01MH080134 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI PIERCE, KAREN L · 2008 to 2017
$3.3M
NIMH NIH HHS P50-MH081755NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH080134NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH118879NIMH NIH HHS R01MH118879
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Few clinically validated biomarkers of ASD exist which can rapidly, accurately, and objectively identify autism during the first years of life and be used to support optimized treatment outcomes and advances in precision medicine. As such, the goal of the present study was to leverage both simple and computationally-advanced approaches to validate an eye-tracking measure of social attention preference, the GeoPref Test, among 1,863 ASD, delayed, or typical toddlers (12-48 months) referred from the community or general population via a primary care universal screening program. Toddlers participated in diagnostic and psychometric evaluations and the GeoPref Test: a 1-min movie containing side-by-side dynamic social and geometric images. Following testing, diagnosis was denoted as ASD, ASD features, LD, GDD, Other, typical sibling of ASD proband, or typical. Relative to other diagnostic groups, ASD toddlers exhibited the highest levels of visual attention towards geometric images and those with especially high fixation levels exhibited poor clinical profiles. Using the 69% fixation threshold, the GeoPref Test had 98% specificity, 17% sensitivity, 81% PPV, and 65% NPV. Sensitivity increased to 33% when saccades were included, with comparable validity across sex, ethnicity, or race. The GeoPref Test was also highly reliable up to 24 months following the initial test. Finally, fixation levels among twins concordant for ASD were significantly correlated, indicating that GeoPref Test performance may be genetically driven. As the GeoPref Test yields few false positives (~ 2%) and is equally valid across demographic categories, the current findings highlight the ability of the GeoPref Test to rapidly and accurately detect autism before the 2nd birthday in a subset of children and serve as a biomarker for a unique ASD subtype in clinical trials.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderBiomarkersEye-Tracking TechnologyHumansSaccadesBiomarkers

Identifiers

PMID35277549
PMCPMC8917231
OpenAlexW4220856732

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.