ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2022
Neoadjuvant in situ vaccination with cowpea mosaic virus as a novel therapy against canine inflammatory mammary cancer.
Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The tumor microenvironment in triple negative breast cancer and a strategy to improve responses to immunotherapy using cryoablation and immunostimulants.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Review
- Pioneering plant virology research for a healthier future: a summary of the 2025 American Society for Virology (ASV) Plant Virology Satellite Symposium.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Development of Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine Therapeutics for Canine Mammary Cancer.Genes · 2026Review
- Experimental models in immuno-oncology and their translational impact.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Virus-like particles based on plant viruses and bacteriophages: emerging strategies for the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Bioprinting collagenase-responsive hydrogel for controlled release of cowpea mosaic virus immunotherapy.Biofabrication · 2026Article
- Streamlined molecular farming of plant virus therapeutics for space flight and other low-resource environments.NPJ science of plants · 2026Article
- Irreversible electroporation with intratumoral plant virus immunotherapy induces systemic immunity in a metastatic model of pancreatic cancer.Cancer letters · 2025Article
- Toward Translation of Cowpea Mosaic Virus Intratumoral Immunotherapy With a Scalable Production Process.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Storage stability of cowpea mosaic virus cancer drug candidate - a two-year update.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Structure-function relationship of S protein cleavage in cowpea mosaic virus intratumoral immunotherapy.Biomaterials science · 2025Article
- Comparative analyses for plant virus-based cancer immunotherapy drug development.Cell biomaterials · 2025Article
- Preclinical SC and IV repeat-dose toxicology of a cowpea mosaic virus - A cancer immunotherapy candidate.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- A cowpea mosaic virus adjuvant conjugated to liposomes loaded with tumor cell lysates as an ovarian cancer vaccine.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Pilot Study of Intratumoral Immunotherapy with Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticles: Safety in Refractory Canine Oral Tumors.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of intratumoral cowpea mosaic virus and calreticulin nanoparticles in canine tumors: early results.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Targeting innate and adaptive immunity to suppress lung cancer metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Metastatic Melanoma Treatment and Prophylaxis with S100A9-Targeting Cowpea Mosaic Virus Nanoparticles.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Plant Virus Intratumoral Immunotherapy with CPMV and PVX Elicits Durable Antitumor Immunity in a Mouse Model of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Multifaceted cancer alleviation by cowpea mosaic virus in a bioprinted ovarian cancer peritoneal spheroid model.Biomaterials · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInflammatory mammary cancer (IMC), the counterpart of human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), is the deadliest form of canine mammary tumors. IMC patients lack specific therapy and have poor outcomes. This proof-of-principle preclinical study evaluated the efficacy, safety, and effect on survival of neoadjuvant intratumoral (in situ) empty cowpea mosaic virus (eCPMV) immunotherapy in companion dogs diagnosed with IMC.
methodsTen IMC-bearing dogs were enrolled in the study. Five dogs received medical therapy, and five received weekly neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy (0.2-0.4 mg per injection) and medical therapy after the second eCPMV injection. Efficacy was evaluated by reduction of tumor growth; safety by hematological and biochemistry changes in blood and plasma; and patient outcome by survival analysis. eCPMV-induced immune changes in blood cells were analyzed by flow cytometry; changes in the tumor microenvironment were evaluated by CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD20 (B lymphocytes), FoxP3 (Treg lymphocytes), myeloperoxidase (MPO; neutrophils), Ki-67 (proliferation index, PI; tumor cell proliferation), and Cleaved Caspase-3 (CC-3; apoptosis) immunohistochemistry.
resultsTwo neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV injections resulted in tumor shrinkage in all patients by day 14 without systemic adverse events. Although surgery for IMC is generally not an option, reduction in tumor size allowed surgery in two IMC patients. In peripheral blood, in situ eCPMV immunotherapy was associated with a significant decrease of Treg
conclusionsNeoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy demonstrated anti-tumor efficacy and improved survival in IMC patients without systemic adverse effects. eCPMV-induced changes in immune cells point to neutrophils as a driver of immune response. Neoadjuvant in situ eCPMV immunotherapy could be a groundbreaking immunotherapy for canine IMC and a potential future immunotherapy for human IBC patients.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.