ArticleBMC cancer2022
Association of early-onset breast cancer with body mass index, menarche, and menopause in Taiwan.
Article in BMC cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early menarche and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 74 case-control studies.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Pooled it
- Assessment of the differences in Mean Age at Menarche (MAM) among adolescent girls in rural and urban Nigeria: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Diet and Nutrients Intakes during Infancy and Childhood in Relation to Early Puberty: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Longitudinal dietary profiles and risk of accelerated pubertal onset in Chinese prepubertal children: a 3-year cohort study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes and Receptor-Related Risk Factor Associations: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Analysing Breast Cancer Screening Trends in Rural Saudi Arabia: Vision 2030 Context.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Scoping Review.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Review
- Lifestyle Factors and Family History of Diabetes as Significant Risks for Breast Cancer: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study in Tamil Nadu, India.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2025Article
- Predictive value of MRI-based deep learning model for lymphovascular invasion status in node-negative invasive breast cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Long-term oncologic outcomes following breast cancer surgery in adolescents and young adults: a single-center retrospective analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Association between diabetes mellitus and trochanteric bone mineral density in individuals with osteoporotic fractures: a retrospective study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Case report: Efficacy of later-line fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan in a patient with triple-positive breast cancer with brain metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- The Contribution of Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 Genotypes to Breast Cancer Risk in Taiwan.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Changes in the incidence of early-onset breast cancer in Germany between 2010 and 2022.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe trend of women suffering from early-onset breast cancer is increasing in Taiwan. The association of early-onset breast cancer with body mass index (BMI), menarche, and menopausal status has focused interest on the field of cancer epidemiology; however, few studies have explored the interaction of these factors on early-onset risk. This study aimed to estimate the interaction effects of BMI, menarche, and menopausal status on 40-year-old early-onset breast cancer.
methodsBreast cancer patients were recruited from Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital from 2013 to 2020. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for early-onset breast cancer risk associated with menarcheal age stratified by sociodemographic factors and for the interaction between BMI and menopausal status on early-onset risk.
resultsA total of 775 participants were divided into 131 early-onset cases (≤ 40 years) and 644 late-onset cases (> 40 years). Compared to the age of 13 years at menarche, the age ≤ 11 years was significantly positively associated (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.38-4.97) and ≥ 16 years was negatively associated (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03-0.53) with 40-year-old early-onset breast cancer respectively. In an adjusted model, the status of BMI < 24 and premenopause had 1.76- and 4.59-fold risk of early-onset breast cancer respectively. Especially in BMI < 24 status, premenopause also had a 6.47-fold early-onset risk and the early-onset risk increased by a significant amount per one year younger at menarche (aOR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03-1.55). There was also a positive interaction effect on an additive scale between BMI and menopausal status on early-onset breast cancer (RERI
conclusionsThis study suggests that the status of BMI < 24 and premenopause were associated with an increased risk of early-onset breast cancer and there was a positive interaction on an additive scale. Understanding how obesity and menopausal status affect early-onset breast cancer is important for drafting preventive measures for early-onset breast cancer in Taiwan.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.