SynthesisNutrients2022
Association between Dietary Nitrate, Nitrite Intake, and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Dissecting the causal association of diet with thyroid cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis and mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Risk factors for gastric cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Association between vitamins and risk of brain tumors: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Association Between Dietary Nitrite intake and Glioma Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Current Innovations in Meat Fermentation with a View to Producing More Sustainable, Healthier and Safer Products.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Crosslink Between Neuroinflammation and Oxidative/Nitrosative Status in the Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: Prognostic and Theranostic Impact.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Occupational Variation in Thyroid Cancer Incidence in the Nordic Countries.Oncology and therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Source-specific nitrate and nitrite intake and associations with gastric cancer in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Exploring the link between nitrate exposure and thyroid cancer: A nationwide state-level analysis.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into pancreatic cancer progression from circadian rhythm disruption and gut microbiota dysbiosis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Does the definition of human ultra-processed foods apply to dog and cat foods? A review of pet food processing techniques, their impact on health, and a call for pet food processing classification.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Exposure to Dietary Nitrite Exacerbates Lupus in MRL/lpr Mice by Enhancing Integrin Alpha M.Inflammation · 2025Article
- Regulatory role of N-nitroso compounds and lncRNA NEAT1 in endoplasmic reticulum stress and malignant transformation of gastric epithelial cells.Cancer cell international · 2025Article
- A Review of the Evidence of the Toxicity of Chemical Substances Included in the European Union Ambient Air Quality and Drinking Water Directives: Perspectives for Health Impact Assessments.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Review
- Association of dietary nitrate and nitrite from plant sources with digestive system cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPeople consume nitrates, nitrites, nitrosamines, and NOCs compounds primarily through processed food. Many studies have yielded inconclusive results regarding the association between cancer and dietary intakes of nitrates and nitrites. This study aimed to quantify these associations across the reported literature thus far.
methodsWe performed a systematic review following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. A literature search was performed using Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane library, and google scholar up to January 2020. STATA version 12.0 was used to conduct meta-regression and a two-stage meta-analysis.
resultsA total of 41 articles with 13 different cancer sites were used for analysis. Of these 13 cancer types/sites, meta-regression analysis showed that bladder and stomach cancer risk was greater, and that pancreatic cancer risk was lower with increasing nitrite intakes. Kidney and bladder cancer risk were both lower with increasing nitrate intakes. When comparing highest to lowest (reference) categories of intake, meta-analysis of studies showed that high nitrate intake was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.77). When pooling all intake categories and comparing against the lowest (reference) category, higher nitrite intake was associated with an increased risk of glioma (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.22). No other associations between cancer risk and dietary intakes of nitrates or nitrites were observed.
conclusionThis study showed varied associations between site-specific cancer risks and dietary intakes of nitrate and nitrite. Glioma, bladder, and stomach cancer risks were higher and pancreatic cancer risk was lower with higher nitrite intakes, and thyroid cancer risk was higher and kidney cancer risk lower with higher nitrate intakes. These data suggest type- and site-specific effects of cancer risk, including protective effects, from dietary intakes of nitrate and nitrite.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.