ReviewSeminars in cancer biology2022
Resistance to immune checkpoint blockade: Mechanisms, counter-acting approaches, and future directions.
Review in Seminars in cancer biology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune checkpoints and immunoregulation in metabolic diseases and cancers: pathological mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
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- Nanomaterials targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts to overcome stromal barriers in cancer immunotherapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Noninvasive in vivo imaging of NF-κB activation predicts immunotherapy response in solid tumors.Npj imaging · 2026Article
- Non-lytic viral immunotherapy induces long-term glioblastoma survival and tumor-specific immunity without eliciting an antiviral response.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Advances in lipid nanoparticles delivering genetic medicines for solid cancers.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Advances and challenges in immunotherapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune microenvironment evolution across the serrated neoplasia pathway and its relevance to immunotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Dendritic cell-based immunotherapy modulates the systemic inflammatory profile in a 4T1 breast cancer model.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Article
- Advances in Targeted and Immunotherapy for High-Risk Cutaneous Malignancies.Oncology research · 2026Review
- From escort to target, the multidimensional roles and prospects of platelets in tumor immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- TGF-βRII/IL-15 immunotherapeutic complex targets exhausted CD8Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Phase 1b Study of Dazostinag plus Pembrolizumab after Hypofractionated Radiotherapy in Patients with Select Advanced Solid Tumors.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- Expression and clinical significance of CD155, FGL1, Galectin-9, and PD‑L1 in breast cancer with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Article
- Therapeutic resistance and combination therapy for cancer: recent developments and future directions.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Dual role of interferon-gamma in the response of melanoma patients to immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Article
- Unraveling Immunotherapy Resistance in Solid Tumors: Decoding Mechanisms and Charting Future Therapeutic Landscapes.Oncology research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immunotherapies seek to unleash the immune system against cancer cells. While a variety of immunotherapies exist, one of the most commonly used is immune checkpoint blockade, which refers to the use of antibodies to interfere with immunosuppressive signaling through immune checkpoint molecules. Therapies against various checkpoints have had success in the clinic across cancer types. However, the efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors has varied across different cancer types and non-responsive patient populations have emerged. Non-responders to these therapies have highlighted the importance of understanding underlying mechanisms of resistance in order to predict which patients will respond and to tailor individual treatment paradigms. In this review we discuss the literature surrounding tumor mediated mechanisms of immune checkpoint resistance. We also describe efforts to overcome resistance and combine checkpoint inhibitors with additional immunotherapies. Finally, we provide insight into the future of immune checkpoint blockade, including the need for improved preclinical modeling and predictive biomarkers to facilitate personalized cancer treatments for patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.