ArticleMedical education online2022
Validation of the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) among medical educators in Hong Kong: a confirmatory factor analysis.
Article in Medical education online, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Investigating the relationships between physical activity, mindful self-compassion, and well-being among Chinese adolescents: the Exercise Self-Esteem Model Revised with Self-Compassion 2.0.Australian journal of psychology · 2026Article
- Psychometric validation of the Physician Well-Being Index-Expanded (ePWBI) among physician educators in Hong Kong.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Ability and utility of the Physician Well-Being Index to identify distress among Chinese physicians.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Validation of the Bangla WHO-5 well-being index among gender and sexually diverse people in Bangladesh.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Feasibility and Efficacy of Commercial-Off-the-Shelf Virtual Reality Applications for Managing Chronic Pain and Enhancing Well-Being Among Older Adults in the Community: Mixed Methods Pilot Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Four scales measuring mental wellbeing in the Nordic countries: do they tell the same story?Health and quality of life outcomes · 2025Article
- Study and personal resources of university students' academic resilience and the relationship with positive psychological outcomes.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Well-being and quality of life of Kenyan nurses, midwives and community health volunteers: Measurement properties and correlates of the BBQ and WHO-5.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Prediction of subjective well-being level in residents of Dali City: Where modern tourism meets traditional ethnic culture.PloS one · 2025Article
- Assessing the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization -five well-being index (WHO-5) in Filipino samples amid the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Cross-sectional analysis of the association between information and communication technology and mental health among Korean workers.PloS one · 2024Article
- Exploring the associations between resilience and psychological well-being among South Africans during COVID-19.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Students' interaction anxiety and social phobia in interprofessional education in Hong Kong: mapping a new research direction.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Measurement Properties and Optimal Cutoff Point of the WHO-5 Among Chinese Healthcare Students.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Article
- Psychometric Properties of the WHO-5 Well-Being Index among Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the pre-existing global crisis of physician burnout. Physician and particularly medical educator well-being, has come into focus as educators can influence their own and learners' well-being. Measuring this construct is one important step towards promoting well-being in the work and learning environments. The 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) has been validated in different populations worldwide for assessing well-being. Yet, its psychometric acceptability remains unexplored among medical educators in Asia including Hong Kong (HK). This study evaluates the validity of the WHO-5 when used among HK medical educators.
methodUsing data from 435 medical educators, we employed combined within-network (confirmatory factor analysis; CFA) and between-network approaches (correlation and regression) to scale validation.
resultsCFA results indicated that our data fit the a priori WHO-5 model, suggesting structural validity. Results of comparison of means indicated no gender differences, but there were significant differences when participants were compared by age and professional backgrounds. Resilience predicted well-being as measured by the WHO-5, suggesting construct criterion validity.
conclusionsOur findings extend the validity evidence for the WHO-5 to HK medical educators examined in this study. This enables their well-being to be assessed when evaluating the impact of future well-being programmes.
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