ArticleEClinicalMedicine2022
Low-dose azathioprine and allopurinol versus azathioprine monotherapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (AAUC): An investigator-initiated, open, multicenter, parallel-arm, randomised controlled trial.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03101800 (Low-dose Azathioprine and Allopurinol- Versus Azathioprine Monotherapy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Low-dose Azathioprine and Allopurinol- Versus Azathioprine Monotherapy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: An Investigator-initiated, Open, Multicentre, Parallel-arm, Randomised Controlled Trial
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood-test monitoring strategies for patients established on immune-suppressing drugs: a mixed-methods study.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Mercaptopurine for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2023Trial
- Personalized Therapy with Mercaptopurine in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Current Advances and Challenges.Current treatment options in oncology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Pharmacogenomics of Thiopurines in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: International Guidelines Revisited.Therapeutic drug monitoring · 2026Review
- Xanthine Oxidase-Dependent Activation of NLPR3 Inflammasome in Epithelial Cells Sustains Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Article
- The fate of thiopurine metabolites after switching to low-dose thiopurine with allopurinol or thioguanine in IBD patients: A retrospective analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Article
- Review
- Drug Interaction-Informed Approaches to Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- The Effectiveness and Safety of First-Line Thioguanine in Thiopurine-Naïve Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2024Article
- Uphill battle: Innovation of thiopurine therapy in global inflammatory bowel disease care.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2024Review
- Risk-stratified monitoring for thiopurine toxicity in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: prognostic model development, validation, and, health economic evaluation.EClinicalMedicine · 2023Article
- Commensal bacteria promote azathioprine therapy failure in inflammatory bowel disease via decreasing 6-mercaptopurine bioavailability.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Article
- Low-Dose Azathioprine in Combination with Allopurinol: The Past, Present and Future of This Useful Duo.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Review
- Personalized medicine to implementation science: Thiopurines set for the leap.JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2022Article
- Maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: basic science and clinical translations.Leukemia · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Retrospective studies suggest that for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) combination therapy with low-dose azathioprine and allopurinol (L-AZA/ALLO) may result in higher remission rates than monotherapy with azathioprine (AZA). We prospectively investigated the effects of these drugs for remission in patients with moderate-to-severe UC. Methods: Open-label, unblinded, randomised, controlled, investigator-initiated, multicentre study conducted at eight hospital sites in Denmark. Adult patients with established UC, who were steroid dependent/refractory, thiopurine naïve, had a normal thiopurine methyltransferase, and achieved remission with steroids or infliximab were eligible for inclusion. Patients were randomly assigned by the investigators (1:1) to 52 weeks of treatment with once daily oral AZA (median dose 50 mg) combined with ALLO 100 mg versus AZA monotherapy (median dose 200 mg), using a computer-generated randomisation list with blocks of six. The trial was open without masking. All randomised patients who received at least one dose of study drug were included in primary and safety analyses (intention to treat population). The primary outcome was steroid and infliximab free remission after 52 weeks, defined as a Mayo Score of ≤1 and no rectal bleeding. The trial is completed and is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03101800). Findings: Between January 9, 2017 and February 10, 2021, 47 patients were randomised to l-AZA/ALLO and 42 to AZA and received at least one dose of the study drug. After 52 weeks, 20 of 47 (43%) patients in the l-AZA/ALLO group and nine of 42 (21%) patients in the AZA group achieved remission (odds ratio 2·54 [95% CI 1·00 to 6.78, Interpretation: This study suggests that after one year l-AZA/ALLO therapy may be associated with a beneficial effect on steroid- and infliximab-free clinical remission in patients with moderate-to-severe UC and should be considered as first line therapy. Funding: Funding for AAUC was provided by The Capital Region of Denmark (
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.