ArticleScientific reports2022
Assessment of quality of alcohol-based hand sanitizers used in Johannesburg area during the CoViD-19 pandemic.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial functional ingredients used in hand hygiene products: a cross-sectional survey on regional e-commerce platforms in Wuhan area of China.Asian biomedicine : research, reviews and news · 2025Article
- Process Technologies for Disinfection of Food-Contact Surfaces in the Dry Food Industry: A Review.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Article
- Efficacy of a New Alcohol-Free Organic Acid-Based Hand Sanitizer against Foodborne Pathogens.Toxics · 2023Article
- Hand Sanitizer Gels: Classification, Challenges, and the Future of Multipurpose Hand Hygiene Products.Toxics · 2023Review
- Strategy for the Choice of Disinfectants in Practical Medicine and Production.Pharmaceutical chemistry journal · 2023Article
- In vitro assessment and comparison of quality of alcohol-based hand rubs, pre- and peri-COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in Kenya.F1000Research · 2023Article
- Evaluation of quality and antimicrobial efficacy of locally manufactured alcohol-based hand sanitizers marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia in the era of COVID-19.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the Efficiency of Hand Hygiene Technique with Hydroalcoholic Solution by Image Color Summarize.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Assessment of Anti-Bacterial Effectiveness of Hand Sanitizers Commonly Used in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Substandard and falsified medical product recalls in Zambia from 2018 to 2021 and implications on the quality surveillance systems.The journal of medicine accessArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (CoViD-19), the World Health Organization has recommended that, in absence of soap and water, alcohol-based hand sanitizer can be used to prevent the transmission of coronaviruses. Unfortunately, many media and anecdotal reports indicate that many alcohol-based hand sanitizers sold in South Africa are substandard and some contain potentially toxic ingredients. The study aimed to identify hand sanitizers used in the Johannesburg area during the CoViD-19 pandemic that do not contain the recommended alcohol concentration of at least 70% propanol or 60% ethanol, and contain traces of toxic ingredients. Hand sanitizers randomly collected from various traders around Johannesburg were analyzed using Agilent auto sampler coupled to a gas chromatograph utilizing flame ionisation detection. Of the 94 hand sanitizer samples collected, three preparations contained no alcohol, whereas the rest contained either ethanol, 2-propanol or 1-propanol or a combination of two alcohols. Of the alcohol-containing hand sanitizers, 37 (41%) contained less than 60% alcohol. Ethyl acetate, isobutanol and other non-recommended alcohols (methanol and 3-methyl-butanol) were also identified. Consumers are therefore warned that among the many brands of hand sanitizers found around Johannesburg, there are some substandard preparations and some that contain traces of toxic ingredients.
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