Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35273161›Full record

ArticleTranslational psychiatry2022

Network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adolescents during the later stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hong Cai, Wei Bai, Huanzhong Liu, Xu Chen, Han Qi, Rui Liu, Teris Cheung, Zhaohui Su, Jingxia Lin, Yi-Lang Tang and 3 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Translational psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
94citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
29.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

94 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
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  4. Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD-7) in Ukrainian sample during wartime.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026
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  5. Observational
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  10. Comparison of depressive symptoms between heterosexual and sexual minority university students: network analysis.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2026
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34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Hong Cai *Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7915-1092
Wei Bai *Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9579-9959
Huanzhong Liu *Department of Psychiatry, Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China.
Xu Chen *The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Han QiThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Rui LiuThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Teris CheungSchool of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Zhaohui SuCenter on Smart and Connected Health Technologies, Mays Cancer Center, School of Nursing, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2005-9504
Jingxia LinDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8189-8216
Yi-Lang TangDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Todd JacksonDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.
Qinge ZhangThe National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. zqe81@126.com.
Yu-Tao XiangUnit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-0029
Capital Medical University · CNUniversity of Macau · MOHong Kong Polytechnic University · HKChaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University · CNEmory University · USThe University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio · US

Funding

Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission z181100001718124Universidade de Macau (University of Macau) NYRG2019-00066-FHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Network analysis is an effective approach for examining complex relationships between psychiatric symptoms. This study was designed to examine item-level relationships between depressive and anxiety symptoms using network analysis in an adolescent sample and identified the most central symptoms within the depressive-anxiety symptoms network model. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7), respectively. The structure of depressive and anxiety symptoms was characterized using "Strength" and "Bridge Strength" as centrality indices in the symptom network. Network stability was tested using a case-dropping bootstrap procedure. Finally, a Network Comparison Test (NCT) was conducted to examine whether network characteristics differed on the basis of gender, school grade and residence. Network analysis revealed that nodes PHQ2 ("Sad mood"), GAD6 ("Irritability"), GAD3 ("Worry too much"), and PHQ6 ("Guilty") were central symptoms in the network model of adolescents. Additionally, bridge symptoms linking anxiety and depressive symptoms in this sample were nodes PHQ6 ("Guilty"), PHQ2 ("Sad mood"), and PHQ9 ("Suicide ideation"). Gender, school grade and residence did not significantly affect the network structure. Central symptoms (e.g., Sad mood, Irritability, Worry too much, and Guilty) and key bridge symptoms (e.g., Guilty, Sad mood, and Suicide ideation) in the depressive and anxiety symptoms network may be useful as potential targets for intervention among adolescents who are at risk for or suffer from depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Indexed as

COVID-19AdolescentAnxietyAnxiety DisordersDepressionHumansPandemics

Identifiers

PMID35273161
PMCPMC8907388
OpenAlexW4220816024

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.