ReviewScience (New York, N.Y.)2022
The immunology and immunopathology of COVID-19.
Review in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 488 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
488 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systemic cytokines drive conserved severity-associated myeloid responses across bacterial and viral infections.Communications biology · 2025Pooled it
- Toll-like receptors polymorphisms and COVID-19: a systematic review.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination or Infection on the Safety and Efficacy of Aesthetic Injections: A Systematic Review.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Assessing the Potential of an Enzymatically Liberated Salmon Oil to Support Immune Health Recovery from Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection via Change in the Expression of Cytokine, Chemokine and Interferon-Related Genes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Trial
- COVID-19 convalescent plasma therapy decreases inflammatory cytokines: a randomized controlled trial.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Trial
- Spatial transcriptomics unveils the in situ cellular and molecular hallmarks of the lung in fatal COVID-19.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Nsp3 Ubl1-orchestrated dephosphorylation of N protein promotes coronaviral subgenomic RNA synthesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cysteine supplementation reverses immune dysfunction in cancer patients with severe COVID-19.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Intelligent Programmable Membrane Nanosponge for Early Virus Blocking.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir targeting viral persistence in post-COVID-19 condition (long COVID) in the USA (RECOVER-VITAL): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome with Colchicine in COVID-19: Therapeutic Evidence and Future Implications for Influenza.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection-Induced Alterations in ADAR Editing Patterns Differ Between Patients Who Developed Critical Compared to Non-Critical COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Symptom burden, lung function, exercise tolerance and inflammation in patients post COVID-19: results from the prospective COVID-19 Chronic Morbidity (CCHROMO) study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Task-Evoked Pupillary Dynamics Are Altered in Post-COVID Syndrome.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Epidemiological impacts of nonpharmaceutical interventions are modulated by immunity exposure trade offs.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Immune Dysregulation and Persistent Symptoms: Insights into T Cell Dynamics in Post-COVID among Athletes from the CoSmo-S Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- Acute COVID-19 severity and impaired cognitive function up to 32 months after diagnosis: an observational study.BMC medicine · 2026Observational
- Co-Culture Systems to Study Epithelial-Immune Interactions During SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Current protocols · 2026Article
- Post-Acute Sequelae Patients with Severe COVID-19 History Show a Prolonged Inflammatory, Vascular Injury Pattern.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
428 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Considerable research effort has been made worldwide to decipher the immune response triggered upon severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, identify the drivers of severe and fatal COVID-19, and understand what leads to the prolongation of symptoms after disease resolution. We review the results of almost 2 years of COVID-19 immunology research and discuss definitive findings and remaining questions regarding our understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology. We discuss emerging understanding of differences in immune responses seen in those with and without Long Covid syndrome, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. We hope that the knowledge gained from this COVID-19 research will be applied in studies of inflammatory processes involved in critical and chronic illnesses, which remain a major unmet need.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.